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首页> 外文期刊>Parasitology >Evolutionary characterization of Ty3/gypsy-like LTR retrotransposons in the parasitic cestode Echinococcus granulosus
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Evolutionary characterization of Ty3/gypsy-like LTR retrotransposons in the parasitic cestode Echinococcus granulosus

机译：Ty3 /吉普赛样LTR逆转座子在寄生c虫棘粒棘球E中的进化特征。

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摘要

Cyclophyllidean cestodes including Echinococcus granulosus have a smaller genome and show characteristics such as loss of the gut, a segmented body plan, and accelerated growth rate in hosts compared with other tissue-invading helminths. In an effort to address the molecular mechanism relevant to genome shrinkage, the evolutionary status of long-terminal-repeat ( LTR) retrotransposons, which are known as the most potent genomic modulators, was investigated in the E. granulosus draft genome. A majority of the E. granulosus LTR retrotransposons were classified into a novel characteristic clade, named Saci-2, of the Ty3/gypsy family, while the remaining elements belonged to the CsRn1 clade of identical family. Their nucleotide sequences were heavily corrupted by frequent base substitutions and segmental losses. The ceased mobile activity of the major retrotransposons and the following intrinsic DNA loss in their inactive progenies might have contributed to decrease in genome size. Apart from the degenerate copies, a gag gene originating from a CsRn1-like element exhibited substantial evidences suggesting its domestication including a preserved coding profile and transcriptional activity, the presence of syntenic orthologues in cestodes, and selective pressure acting on the gene. To my knowledge, the endogenized gag gene is reported for the first time in invertebrates, though its biological function remains elusive.
机译：与其他侵害组织的蠕虫相比，包括细粒棘球E虫在内的环叶鞭毛纲虫的基因组较小，并表现出诸如肠道损失，身体分段计划和宿主生长速度加快等特征。为了解决与基因组收缩有关的分子机制，人们在大肠杆菌颗粒基因组草案中研究了被称为最有效的基因组调节剂的长末端重复（LTR）反转录转座子的进化状态。大多数颗粒大肠杆菌LTR逆转座子被归类为Ty3 /吉普赛家族的一个新的特征进化枝，名为Saci-2，而其余元素属于同一家族的CsRn1进化枝。它们的核苷酸序列被频繁的碱基替换和区段丢失严重破坏。主要逆转录转座子的移动活性停止以及其无活性后代中随后的内在DNA丧失可能是导致基因组大小减少的原因。除简并拷贝外，源自CsRn1样元件的gag基因还显示出大量证据，表明其驯化包括保留的编码谱和转录活性，节中直系同源物的存在以及作用于该基因的选择性压力。据我所知，内源性gag基因是首次在无脊椎动物中报道，尽管其生物学功能尚不清楚。

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