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Body size and meta-community structure: the allometric scaling of parasitic worm communities in their mammalian hosts

机译：体型和元社区结构：哺乳动物宿主中寄生蠕虫群落的异速生长规模

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摘要

In this paper we derive from first principles the expected body sizes of the parasite communities that can coexist in a mammal of given body size. We use a mixture of mathematical models and known allometric relationships to examine whether host and parasite life histories constrain the diversity of parasite species that can coexist in the population of any host species. The model consists of one differential equation for each parasite species and a single density-dependent nonlinear equation for the affected host under the assumption of exploitation competition. We derive threshold conditions for the coexistence and competitive exclusion of parasite species using invasion criteria and stability analysis of the resulting equilibria. These results are then used to evaluate the range of parasites species that can invade and establish in a target host and identify the optimal' size of a parasite species for a host of a given body size; optimal' is defined as the body size of a parasite species that cannot be outcompeted by any other parasite species. The expected distributions of parasites body sizes in hosts of different sizes are then compared with those observed in empirical studies. Our analysis predicts the relative abundance of parasites of different size that establish in the host and suggests that increasing the ratio of parasite body size to host body size above a minimum threshold increases the persistence of the parasite population.
机译：在本文中，我们从第一原理中得出可以在给定体型的哺乳动物中共存的寄生虫群落的预期体型。我们使用数学模型和已知的异形关系的混合体来检查寄主和寄生虫的生活史是否限制了可以在任何寄主物种的种群中共存的寄生虫物种的多样性。该模型由每个寄生虫物种的一个微分方程和受剥削竞争的假设下的受影响宿主的一个与密度有关的非线性方程组成。我们使用入侵准则和对所得平衡的稳定性分析，得出了寄生虫物种共存和竞争排斥的阈值条件。然后将这些结果用于评估可以入侵并在目标宿主中建立的寄生虫种类的范围，并确定给定体重的宿主的最佳寄生虫种类。最佳”的定义是寄生虫物种无法与其他任何寄生虫物种竞争的体型。然后将不同大小宿主体内寄生虫体型的预期分布与实证研究中观察到的分布进行比较。我们的分析预测了在宿主体内建立的不同大小寄生虫的相对丰度，并表明增加寄生虫体型与宿主体型的比率高于最小阈值会增加寄生虫种群的持久性。

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