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Examining cellular immune responses to inform development of a blood-stage malaria vaccine

机译：检查细胞免疫应答，以告知血液阶段疟疾疫苗的开发

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Naturally acquired immunity to the blood-stage of the malaria parasite develops slowly in areas of high endemicity, but is not sterilizing. It manifests as a reduction in parasite density and clinical symptoms. Immunity as a result of blood-stage vaccination has not yet been achieved in humans, although there are many animal models where vaccination has been successful. The development of a blood-stage vaccine has been complicated by a number of factors including limited knowledge of human-parasite interactions and which antigens and immune responses are critical for protection. Opinion is divided as to whether this vaccine should aim to accelerate the acquisition of responses acquired following natural exposure, or whether it should induce a different response. Animal and experimental human models suggest that cell-mediated immune responses can control parasite growth, but these responses can also contribute to significant immunopathology if unregulated. They are largely ignored in most blood-stage malaria vaccine development strategies. Here, we discuss key observations relating to cell-mediated immune responses in the context of experimental human systems and field studies involving naturally exposed individuals and how this may inform the development of a blood-stage malaria vaccine.
机译：在疟疾高发地区，对疟疾寄生虫血液阶段的自然获得的免疫力缓慢发展，但尚未灭菌。它表现为寄生虫密度和临床症状的降低。尽管有许多成功接种疫苗的动物模型，但尚未在人类中实现血液接种疫苗的免疫力。血液阶段疫苗的开发受到许多因素的影响，其中包括对人与寄生虫相互作用的了解有限，以及哪些抗原和免疫反应对于保护至关重要。对于这种疫苗是否应旨在加速自然暴露后获得的反应的获得，或者是否应诱导不同的反应，存在意见分歧。动物和实验人类模型表明，细胞介导的免疫反应可以控制寄生虫的生长，但是如果不受调控，这些反应也可以导致重要的免疫病理学。在大多数血液阶段疟疾疫苗开发策略中，它们很大程度上被忽略。在这里，我们讨论在涉及自然暴露个体的实验性人类系统和田间研究的背景下与细胞介导的免疫反应有关的关键观察结果，以及这如何为血液疟疾疫苗的开发提供信息。

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