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Possible mechanism of host manipulation resulting from a diel behaviour pattern of eye-dwelling parasites?

机译：寄宿生寄生虫的行为行为导致宿主操纵的可能机制？

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Parasitic infection often results in alterations to the host's phenotype, and may modify selection pressures for host populations. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying these changes is essential to understand the evolution of host-parasite interactions. A variety of mechanisms may result in changes in the host's behavioural phenotype, ranging from simple by-products of infection to chemicals directly released by the parasite to alter behaviour. Another possibility may involve parasites freely moving to certain sites within tissues, at specific times of the day to induce behavioural changes in the host. We tested the hypothesis that parasites shift to certain sites within the host by quantifying the location and activity of the trematode Tylodelphys sp., whose mobile metacercarial stages remain unencysted in the eyes of the second intermediate fish host, the common bully (Gobiomorphus cotidianus). This parasite's definitive host is a piscivorous bird feeding exclusively during daytime. Ocular obstruction and metacercarial activity were assessed within the sedated host's eye at three time points 24 h(-1) period, using video captured via an ophthalmoscope. Although observed metacercarial activity did not change between time periods, ocular obstruction was significantly reduced at night. Increased visual obstruction specifically during the foraging time of the parasite's definitive host strongly suggests that the parasite's activity pattern is adaptive.
机译：寄生虫感染通常会导致宿主表型改变，并可能改变宿主群体的选择压力。阐明这些变化的潜在机制对于理解宿主与寄生虫相互作用的进化至关重要。多种机制可能导致宿主行为表型发生变化，范围从感染的简单副产品到由寄生虫直接释放以改变行为的化学物质。另一种可能性可能是寄生虫在一天中的特定时间自由移动到组织内的某些部位，以诱导宿主的行为改变。我们通过定量Tylodelphys sp。的位置和活性来检验寄生虫转移到宿主内的某些位置的假说，Tylodelphys sp。的移动meta尾虫阶段在第二个中间鱼类宿主共同的欺负者（Gobiomorphus cotidianus）的眼中仍然不受限制。该寄生虫的最终宿主是只在白天进食的食肉鸟。使用经检眼镜检出的视频，在三个时间点24 h（-1）期间，评估了镇静宿主眼内的眼梗阻和meta骨活动。尽管观察到的meta骨活动在各个时间段之间没有变化，但夜间的眼部阻塞明显减少。特别是在寄生虫确定宿主的觅食期间，视障的增加强烈表明，寄生虫的活动模式具有适应性。

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