Poorer results of mice with latent toxoplasmosis in learning tests: impaired learning processes or the novelty discrimination mechanism?

Hodkova H; Kodym P; Flegr J

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Poorer results of mice with latent toxoplasmosis in learning tests: impaired learning processes or the novelty discrimination mechanism?

机译：弓形虫潜伏小鼠的学习测试结果较差：学习过程受损或新颖性鉴别机制？

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The heteroxenous protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is transmitted from the intermediate host (any warm-blooded animal) to the definitive host (members of the felidae) by carnivory. The infected intermediate hosts develop several specific behavioural changes that are usually considered products of manipulative activity of the parasite aimed to increase the probability of its transmission to the definitive host. Among other changes, the infected rodents were shown to have impaired learning capability. All previous studies were done 2-6 weeks after the infection. Therefore, it was difficult to resolve whether the observed impairment of learning processes was a result of acute or latent toxoplasmosis, i.e. whether it was a side-effect of the disease or a product of manipulation activity. Here we studied the learning capability of Toxoplasma-infected mice in the static rod test and 8-arm radial maze test and their spontaneous activity in the wheel running test 10 weeks after the infection. The infected mice achieved worse scores in the learning tests but showed higher spontaneous activity in the wheel running test. However, a detailed study of the obtained results as well as of the data reported by other authors suggested that the differences between infected and control mice were a result of impaired ability to recognize novel stimuli rather than of impaired learning capacity in animals with latent toxoplasmosis.

机译：杂食性原生动物寄生弓形虫通过食肉动物从中间宿主（任何温血动物）传播到最终宿主（猫科动物的成员）。被感染的中间宿主会发展出几种特定的行为变化，通常被认为是寄生虫的操纵活动产物，旨在增加其传播给最终宿主的可能性。在其他变化中，被感染的啮齿动物被证明具有受损的学习能力。感染后2-6周完成所有先前的研究。因此，很难解决观察到的学习过程障碍是急性还是潜在弓形虫病的结果，即是该疾病的副作用还是操纵活动的产物。在这里，我们研究了感染弓形虫的小鼠在静态棒试验和8臂放射状迷宫试验中的学习能力，以及在感染后10周的滚轮行驶试验中的自发活动。被感染的小鼠在学习测试中得分较差，但在滚轮测试中显示出较高的自发活动。但是，对获得的结果以及其他作者报告的数据进行的详细研究表明，感染小鼠和对照组小鼠之间的差异是由于潜在弓形虫病动物识别新刺激的能力受损而不是学习能力受损的结果。

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《Parasitology》 |2007年第10期|共9页
作者
Hodkova H; Kodym P; Flegr J;
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正文语种 eng
中图分类医学寄生虫学;寄生虫病;
关键词
Learning; Laboratory mice; Toxoplasmosis; week; Infection as complication of medical care; 学习; 弓形虫病;

机译：Learning;Laboratory mice;Toxoplasmosis;week;Infection as complication of medical care;学习;弓形虫病;

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1. Poorer results of mice with latent toxoplasmosis in learning tests: impaired learning processes or the novelty discrimination mechanism? [J] . Hodkova H, Kodym P, Flegr J Parasitology . 2007,第Pta10期

机译：弓形虫潜伏小鼠的学习测试结果较差：学习过程受损或新颖性鉴别机制？
2. Potentiation of latent inhibition by haloperidol and clozapine is attenuated in Dopamine D2 receptor (Drd-2)-deficient mice: Do antipsychotics influence learning to ignore irrelevant stimuli via both Drd-2 and non-Drd-2 mechanisms? [J] . OCallaghanM.J., Bay-RichterC., OTuathaighC.M.P., Journal of psychopharmacology . 2014,第10期

机译：在多巴胺D2受体（Drd-2）缺陷型小鼠中，氟哌啶醇和氯氮平的潜在抑制作用减弱了：抗精神病药会影响通过Drd-2和非Drd-2机制忽略无关刺激的学习吗？
3. CONCURRENT COGNITIVE PROCESSES IN RAT SERIAL PATTERN LEARNING: II. DISCRIMINATION LEARNING, RULE LEARNING, CHUNK LENGTH, AND MULTIPLE-ITEM MEMORIES [J] . Muller Melissa D., Fountain Stephen B. Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior . 2016,第1期

机译：大鼠串行模式学习中的同步认知过程：II。歧视性学习，规则学习，矮级长度和多项目记忆
4. Effects of Antioxidant Compounds on Methamphetamine-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment in Mice [C] . Mingshan Pi, Mei Zhou, Qin Ru, International Conference on Applied Science, Engineering and Technology . 2020

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5. Effects of early chemotherapeutic treatment on learning, novelty, and drug reward in adolescent mice. [D] . Bisen-Hersh, Emily B. 2012

机译：早期化疗对青春期小鼠学习，新颖性和药物奖励的影响。
6. Potentiation of latent inhibition by haloperidol and clozapine is attenuated in Dopamine D2 receptor (Drd-2)-deficient mice: Do antipsychotics influence learning to ignore irrelevant stimuli via both Drd-2 and non-Drd-2 mechanisms? [O] . Matthew J O’Callaghan, Cecilie Bay-Richter, Colm MP O’Tuathaigh, -1

机译：在多巴胺D2受体（Drd-2）缺陷型小鼠中氟哌啶醇和氯氮平的潜在抑制作用减弱了：抗精神病药会影响通过Drd-2和非Drd-2机制忽略无关刺激的学习吗？
7. EEG Signal Discrimination using Non-linear Dynamics in the EMD Domain S. M. Shafiul Alam,S. M. Shafiul Alam,Aurangozeb, and Syed TarekShahriar Abstract—An EMD-chaos based approach is proposed todiscriminate EEG signals corresponding to healthy persons,and epileptic patients during seizure-free intervals and seizureattacks. An electroencephalogram (EEG) is first empiricallydecomposed to intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). The nonlineardynamics of these IMFs are quantified in terms of the largestLyapunov exponent (LLE) and correlation dimension (CD).This chaotic analysis in EMD domain is applied to a large groupof EEG signals corresponding to healthy persons as well asepileptic patients (both with and without seizure attacks). It isshown that the values of the obtained LLE and CD exhibitfeatures by which EEG for seizure attacks can be clearlydistinguished from other EEG signals in the EMD domain.Thus, the proposed approach may aid researchers in developingeffective techniques to predict seizure activities. Index Terms—Electroencephalogram (EEG), empiricalmode decomposition (EMD), largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE),correlation dimension (CD), epileptic seizures. The Authors are with the Electrical and Electronic EngineeringDepartment, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology,Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh (e-mail: imamul@eee.buet.ac.bd) PDF Cite: S. M. Shafiul Alam,S. M. Shafiul Alam,Aurangozeb, and Syed Tarek Shahriar, "EEG Signal Discrimination using Non-linear Dynamics in the EMD Domain," International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 326-330, 2012. PREVIOUS PAPER Perception of Emotions Using Constructive Learningthrough Speech NEXT PAPER Physical Layer Impairments Aware OVPN Connection Selection Mechanisms Copyright © 2008-2013. International Association of Computer Science and Information Technology Press (IACSIT Press) [O] . S. M. Shafiul Alam, Syed TarekShahriar 2012

机译：EEG信号在EMD域S. S. Shafiul Alam，S中的非线性动力学使用非线性动力学。 M. Shafiul Alam，Aurangozeb和Syed Tarekshahriar摘要 - 基于EMD Chaos的方法，提出了对应于健康人的EEG信号，癫痫发作期间的癫痫患者和Seizureattacks。脑电图（EEG）首先被凭经上分解为内在模式功能（IMF）。这些IMF的非线性动力学在最大范围的指数（LLE）和相关尺寸（CD）方面是量化的。本域中的混沌分析应用于与健康人相对应的大型脑电图（Asepileptic患者）（两者都有癫痫发作）。因此，所获得的LLE和CD表展的价值可以从EMD领域的其他EEG信号中清晰地区分脑电图的表达展示。本拟议的方法可以帮助研究人员以预测癫痫发作的癫痫发作技术。索引术语 - 脑电图（EEG），仿真态分解（EMD），最大的Lyapunov指数（LLE），相关维度（CD），癫痫发作。作者与电气电子和电子工程公司，孟加拉国工程和技术大学，孟加拉国达卡 - 1000（电子邮件：imamul@eee.buet.ac.bd）pdf cite：s. m. shafiul Alam，s。 M. Shafiul Alam，Aurangozeb和Syed Tarek Shahriar，“EEG信号歧视在EMD领域的非线性动态，”计算机电气工程卷国际杂志。 4，不。 3，pp。326-330,2012，上一篇论文对情绪的看法，使用建设性的学习言论下一篇论文物理层障碍意识到OVPN连接选择机制版权所有©2008-2013。国际计算机科学与信息技术协会出版社（IACSIT Press）

Poorer results of mice with latent toxoplasmosis in learning tests: impaired learning processes or the novelty discrimination mechanism?

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