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首页> 外文期刊>Parasitology >How do ectoparasitic nycteribiids locate their bat hosts?
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How do ectoparasitic nycteribiids locate their bat hosts?

机译：外寄生性外生菌如何定位蝙蝠宿主？

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Nycteribiids (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) are specific haematophagous ectoparasites of bats, which spend nearly all their adult lives on hosts. However, females have to leave bats to deposit their larva on the walls of the roosts, where they later emerge as adult flies. Nycteribiids had thus to evolve efficient sensorial mechanisms to locate hosts from a distance. We studied the sensory cues involved in this process, experimentally testing the role of specific host odours, and general cues such as carbon dioxide, body heat, and vibrations. As models we used two nycteribiids (Penicillidia conspicua and Penicillidia dufourii) and their primary bat hosts (Miniopterus schreibersii and Myotis myotis, respectively). Carbon dioxide was the most effective cue activating and orientating the responses of nycteribiids, followed by body heat and body odours. They also responded to vibration, but did not orientate to its source. In addition, sensory cues combined (carbon dioxide and body heat) were more effective in orientating nycteribiids than either cue delivered alone. Results suggest that nycteribids have some capacity to distinguish specific hosts from a distance, probably through their specific body odours. However, the strong reliance of nycteribiids on cues combined indicates that they follow these to orientate to nearby multispecies bat clusters, where the chances of finding their primary hosts are high. The combination of sensory cues seems therefore an effective strategy used by nycteribiids to locate bat hosts at a distance.
机译：Nycteribiids（双翅目：Nycteribiidae）是蝙蝠的特有的食血性体外寄生虫，几乎将其成年后的生命都寄托在宿主上。然而，雌性不得不离开蝙蝠，将幼虫沉积在栖息地的壁上，然后在它们成年后出现。因此，Nycteribiids必须发展有效的感官机制来从远处定位宿主。我们研究了此过程中涉及的感觉线索，通过实验测试了特定宿主气味的作用以及诸如二氧化碳，人体热量和振动之类的一般线索。作为模型，我们使用了两种霉菌双歧杆菌（Penicillidia conspicua和Penicillidia dufourii）及其主要蝙蝠寄主（分别为Miniopterus schreibersii和Myotis myotis）。二氧化碳是最有效的线索，它可以激活和定向除虫菊酯的响应，其次是体热和异味。他们也对振动做出反应，但没有确定其来源。另外，结合感觉提示（二氧化碳和体热）比单独递送的任何提示更能有效地定向除虫菊酯。结果表明，除草剂具有一定的能力，可以通过远处的特定气味区分远处的特定宿主。但是，除虫菊酯对线索的强烈依赖表明它们遵循这些线索定向到附近的多物种蝙蝠群，在那里找到其主要寄主的机会很高。因此，感官提示的组合似乎是外生双胞胎用来在远处定位蝙蝠宿主的有效策略。

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