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首页> 外文期刊>Parasitology >Measuring immune system variation to help understand host-pathogen community dynamics.
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Measuring immune system variation to help understand host-pathogen community dynamics.

机译：测量免疫系统变异以帮助了解宿主-病原体群落动态。

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摘要

Carefully chosen immunological measurements, informed by recent advances in our understanding of the diversity and control of immune mechanisms, can add great interpretative value to ecological studies of infection. This is especially so for co-infection studies, where interactions between species are often mediated via the host's immune response. Here we consider how immunological measurements can strengthen inference in different types of co-infection analysis. In particular, we identify how measuring immune response variables in field studies can help reveal inter-species interactions otherwise obscured by confounding processes operating on count or prevalence data. Furthermore, we suggest that, due to the difficulty of quantifying microbial pathogen communities in field studies, innate responses against broad pathogen types (mediated by pattern response receptors) may be useful quantitative markers of exposure to bacteria and viruses. An ultimate goal of ecological co-infection studies may also be to understand how dynamics within host-parasite assemblages emerge from trade-offs involving different arms of the immune system. We reflect on the phenotypic measures that might best represent levels of responsiveness and bias in immune function. These include mediators associated with different T-helper cell subsets and innate responses controlled by pattern response receptors, such as the Toll-like receptors (TLRs).
机译：仔细选择的免疫学测量方法，结合我们对免疫机制多样性和控制的最新进展的了解，可以为感染的生态学研究增加重要的解释价值。对于共感染研究而言尤其如此，其中物种之间的相互作用通常是通过宿主的免疫反应介导的。在这里，我们考虑了免疫学测量如何在不同类型的共感染分析中增强推理能力。特别是，我们确定了在野外研究中测量免疫应答变量如何帮助揭示物种间的相互作用，否则这些相互作用会因对计数或流行性数据进行混淆的过程而被掩盖。此外，我们建议，由于在野外研究中难以量化微生物病原体群落，针对广泛病原体类型的先天应答（由模式应答受体介导）可能是暴露于细菌和病毒的有用定量标记。生态共感染研究的最终目标可能还在于了解宿主-寄生虫组合中的动力学如何从涉及免疫系统不同部分的权衡取舍中出现。我们对可能最好地代表免疫功能反应性和偏倚水平的表型方法进行了反思。这些包括与不同的T辅助细胞亚群相关的介体和由模式反应受体（例如Toll样受体（TLR））控制的先天反应。

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