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首页> 外文期刊>Parasitology >Habitat and transmission--effect of tidal level and upstream host density on metacercarial load in an intertidal bivalve.
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Habitat and transmission--effect of tidal level and upstream host density on metacercarial load in an intertidal bivalve.

机译：栖息地和传播-潮间双壳类的潮汐水平和上游寄主密度对meta骨负荷的影响。

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摘要

Transmission of parasites may be mediated by their habitat, consisting of abiotic and biotic components. I investigated the effect of 2 important habitat components in intertidal ecosystems, tidal level (abiotic) and density of upstream hosts (biotic), on the transmission of trematode cercariae to cockle (Cerastoderma edule) hosts. A field survey showed no general trend in metacercarial loads of cockles regarding tidal level but species-dependent reactions. Parasites originating from Littorina littorea (Himasthla elongata, Renicola roscovita) showed highest infection levels in the low intertidal while parasites originating from Hydrobia ulvae (H. continua, H. interrupta) showed highest infection levels in the mid-intertidal. This reflected the density of upstream hosts at both tidal levels and positive relationships between the density of upstream hosts and metacercarial load in cockles suggested the biotic habitat component to be the dominant factor in transmission. This was confirmed by a field experiment, manipulating tidal level and the density of infected upstream snail hosts. While tidal level had no significant effect on the number of metacercariae of H. elongata acquired by cockles, the effect of upstream host density was strong. In conclusion, although tidal level usually is a very important abiotic habitat component in intertidal ecosystems leading to conspicuous zonation patterns in free-living organisms, it seems of minor importance for trematode transmission. In contrast, the biotic component upstream host density is suggested to be the dominant predictor for trematode transmission to second intermediate hosts. Assessing the relative importance of abiotic and biotic habitat components in transmission is vital for the understanding of transmission processes in the field.
机译：寄生虫的传播可能是由其栖息地（由非生物和生物成分组成）介导的。我调查了潮间带生态系统中两个重要的栖息地组成，潮汐水平（非生物）和上游寄主密度（生物）对on虫吸虫向蛤（Cerastoderma edule）寄主的传播的影响。田间调查表明，关于潮汐水平，蛤meta的car骨总负荷没有总体趋势，而是物种依赖性反应。源自Littorina littorea（Himasthla elongata，Renicola roscovita）的寄生虫在潮间带低处显示最高的感染水平，而源自Hydrobia ulvae（H. Continuousa，H. interrupta）的寄生虫在潮间中部显示最高的感染水平。这既反映了潮汐水平上上游寄主的密度，又反映了上游寄主的密度与鸟蛤中尾car负荷之间的正相关关系，这表明生物栖息地是传播的主要因素。现场实验证实了这一点，它控制了潮汐水平和被感染的上游蜗牛宿主的密度。潮汐水平对鸟蛤获得的伸长的H.ata的尾cer数量没有显着影响，但上游寄主密度的影响很强。总而言之，尽管潮汐水平通常是潮间带生态系统中非常重要的非生物栖息地组成部分，导致自由生活生物中明显的分区模式，但对于吸虫吸虫的传播似乎并不重要。相反，生物成分上游宿主密度被认为是吸虫向第二中间宿主传播的主要预测因子。评估非生物和生物栖息地成分在传播中的相对重要性对于理解野外传播过程至关重要。

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