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首页> 外文期刊>Parasitology >Environmental constraints influencing survival of an African parasite in a north temperate habitat: effects of temperature on development within the host.
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Environmental constraints influencing survival of an African parasite in a north temperate habitat: effects of temperature on development within the host.

机译：影响北温带栖息地非洲寄生虫生存的环境制约因素：温度对寄主内部发育的影响。

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The monogenean Protopolystoma xenopodis has been established in Wales for >40 years following introduction with Xenopus laevis from South Africa. This provides an experimental system for determining constraints affecting introduced species in novel environments. Parasite development post-infection was followed at 15, 20 and 25 degrees C for 15 weeks and at 10 degrees C for 1 year and correlated with temperatures recorded in Wales. Development was slowed/arrested at 10 degrees C which reflects habitat conditions for >6 months/year. There was wide variation in growth at constant temperature (body size differing by >10 times) potentially attributable in part to genotype-specific host-parasite interactions. Parasite density had no effect on size but host sex did: worms in males were 1.8 times larger than in females. Minimum time to patency was 51 days at 25 degrees C and 73 days at 20 degrees C although some infections were still not patent at both temperatures by 105 days p.i. In Wales, fastest developing infections may mature within one summer (about 12 weeks), possibly accelerated by movements of hosts into warmer surface waters. Otherwise, development slows/stops in October-April, delaying patency to about 1 year p.i., while wide variation in developmental rates may impose delays of 2 years in some primary infections and even longer in secondary infections.
机译：在引入来自南非的非洲爪蟾后，单基因的原生动物异种爪蟾已在威尔士建立了40多年。这提供了一个实验系统，用于确定影响新环境中引入物种的限制条件。感染后的寄生虫发育分别在15、20和25摄氏度下进行15周，在10摄氏度下进行1年，并与威尔士记录的温度相关。在摄氏10度下，发育减慢/停止，这反映了> 6个月/年的栖息地条件。在恒温条件下（人体大小相差> 10倍），生长存在很大差异，这可能部分归因于特定的基因型宿主-寄生虫相互作用。寄生虫的密度对大小没有影响，但寄主的性别却有影响：雄性中的蠕虫比雌性大1.8倍。在25摄氏度时的最小通畅时间为51天，在20摄氏度时为73天，尽管到105天p.i时，在这两个温度下某些感染仍未获得专利。在威尔士，发展最快的感染可能会在一个夏天（约12周）内成熟，可能是由于宿主移入较温暖的地表水中而加速了感染。否则，发育会在十月至四月间减慢/停止，将开放时间延至每年约1年，而某些情况下，某些主要感染者的发展速度可能会延迟2年，而继发感染者甚至会更长。

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