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首页> 外文期刊>Parasitology >Size and sex matter: Infection dynamics of an invading parasite (the pentastome Raillietiella frenatus) in an invading host (the cane toad Rhinella marina)
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Size and sex matter: Infection dynamics of an invading parasite (the pentastome Raillietiella frenatus) in an invading host (the cane toad Rhinella marina)

机译：大小和性别：入侵宿主（甘蔗蟾蜍Rhinella码头）中入侵的寄生虫（五重杆Raillietiella frenatus）的感染动力学

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摘要

Correlations between host phenotype and vulnerability to parasites can clarify the processes that enhance rates of parasitism, and the effects of parasites on their hosts. We studied an invasive parasite (the pentastome Raillietiella frenatus, subclass Pentastomida, order Cephalobaenida) infecting a new host (the invasive cane toad Rhinella marina), in tropical Australia. We dissected toads over a 27-month period to investigate seasonal changes in pentastome population dynamics and establish which aspects of host phenotype are related to infection. Pentastome prevalence and intensity varied seasonally; male toads were 4 times more likely to be infected than were females; and prevalence was highest in hosts of intermediate body size. The strong sex effect may reflect habitat or dietary divergence between the sexes, resulting in males encountering parasites more often. The relationship between pentastome prevalence and host size likely reflects a role for acquired immunity in preventing re-infection. Infection did not influence host body condition (fatbody size), suggesting that R. frenatus does not impose high energy costs in cane toads. Infected toads had heavier spleens (likely an immune response to infection) and larger testes (perhaps since reproductively active hosts have altered microhabitat use and/or immunocompetence) than did uninfected conspecifics. Although experimental studies are required to identify the causal bases of such patterns, our data confirm that infection status within a population can be strongly linked to host phenotypic traits.
机译：宿主表型与寄生虫易感性之间的相关性可以阐明提高寄生虫发生率的过程以及寄生虫对其宿主的影响。我们研究了在热带澳大利亚感染新宿主（侵入性甘蔗蟾蜍Rhinellla marina）的侵入性寄生虫（戊类雷利氏菌，五子纲亚纲，Pephalobaenida）。我们在27个月的时间内对蟾蜍进行了解剖，以调查五肽组种群动态的季节性变化，并确定宿主表型的哪些方面与感染有关。五旬期患病率和强度随季节变化;雄性蟾蜍被感染的可能性是雌性蟾蜍的4倍;在中等体型的宿主中患病率最高。强烈的性别效应可能反映了性别之间的栖息地或饮食差异，从而导致男性更经常遇到寄生虫。五肽组患病率与宿主大小之间的关系可能反映了获得性免疫在预防再感染中的作用。感染并未影响宿主的身体状况（脂肪体大小），这表明弗雷纳氏菌并未对甘蔗蟾蜍施加高能量消耗。与未感染的同种菌相比，被感染的蟾蜍具有更重的脾脏（可能是对感染的免疫反应）和更大的睾丸（也许是因为生殖活动的宿主已经改变了微生境的使用和/或免疫能力）。尽管需要进行实验研究来确定这种模式的因果基础，但我们的数据证实，人群中的感染状况可能与宿主的表型性状密切相关。

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