Why infest the loved ones - Inherent human behaviour indicates former mutualism with head lice

RózsaL.; ApariP.

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Why infest the loved ones - Inherent human behaviour indicates former mutualism with head lice

机译：为什么要侵扰亲人-人类固有的行为表明以前与头虱共生

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Head lice transmit to new hosts when people lean their heads together. Humans frequently touch their heads to express friendship or love, while this behaviour is absent in apes. We hypothesize that this behaviour was adaptive because it enabled people to acquire head lice infestations as early as possible to provoke an immune response effective against both head lice and body lice throughout the subsequent periods of their life. This cross-immunity could provide some defence against the body-louse-borne lethal diseases like epidemic typhus, trench fever, relapsing fever and the classical plague. Thus the human 'touching heads' behaviour probably acts as an inherent and unconscious 'vaccination' against body lice to reduce the threat exposed by the pathogens they may transmit. Recently, the eradication of body-louse-borne diseases rendered the transmission of head lice a maladaptive, though still widespread, behaviour in developed societies.

机译：人们将头靠在一起时，头虱会传播到新宿主。人们经常触摸他们的头以表达友谊或爱，而猿却没有这种行为。我们假设这种行为是适应性的，因为它使人们能够尽早获得头虱感染，从而在整个生命的后期阶段激发对头虱和身体虱子有效的免疫反应。这种交叉免疫可以抵御体虱传播的致命疾病，如流行性斑疹伤寒，地沟热，复发性发热和经典瘟疫。因此，人类的“触头”行为可能充当了针对体虱的固有和无意识的“疫苗接种”，以减少它们可能传播的病原体所暴露的威胁。近来，消灭体虱传播的疾病使头虱的传播成为发达社会的一种适应不良的行为，尽管这种行为仍很普遍。

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《Parasitology》 |2012年第6期|共5页
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RózsaL.; ApariP.;
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正文语种 eng
中图分类寄生虫病;
关键词
body lice; facultative mutualism; head lice; human behaviour; louse-borne diseases;

机译：体虱;兼性共生;头虱;人类行为;虱传疾病;

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1. Why infest the loved ones - Inherent human behaviour indicates former mutualism with head lice [J] . RózsaL., ApariP. Parasitology . 2012,第6期

机译：为什么要侵扰亲人-人类固有的行为表明以前与头虱共生
2. Prevalence of head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) infestation among schools workers in the Eastern Region, Saudi Arabia [J] . Hanadi B. Baghdadi, Eltigani O.M. Omer, Dina M. Metwally, Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences . 2021,第10期

机译：沙特阿拉伯东部地区学校工作人员头虱（幼崽人类Cacitis）侵扰的患病率
3. Forecasting head lice ( Pediculidae: Pediculus humanus capitis ) infestation incidence hotspots based on spatial correlation analysis in Northwest Iran [J] . Davoud Adham, Eslam Moradi-Asl, Malek Abazari, Veterinary World . 2020,第1期

机译：基于空间相关分析的西北伊朗西北地区的预测头虱（Pediculidae：Peaculus Humants Capitis）侵扰发病率热点
4. The infuence of head lice(pediculus humanus capitis)infestation to nutritional status and anemia occurence on female elementary school students [C] . I P Sudayasa, A Arimaswati, M Abdullah Annual Applied Science and Engineering Conference . 2019

机译：头虱（Peaculus Humbuta Capitis）侵扰对女性小学生营养状况和贫血的影响
5. Mercy, human and divine, or a short treatise on the nature and necessity of mercy, both human and divine, and the relationship of the latter to the former, with special reference to the Christian Scriptures, consideration being given to human mercy as an obligation, but also a sacramental moment of divine mercy, both for the beneficiary and the benefactor, containing as well a brief theological anthropology in support of the thesis, all suggesting that union with Christ is the ground and term of human mercy, and, thus, that the purported duty to love in the mode of mercy is first a duty to ‘be loved,’ as evidenced by the writings of two theologians in the Christian mystical tradition, namely, Bernard of Clairvaux and Jeanne Guyon [D] . Dolff, Scott Nelson 2009

机译：人与神之间的怜悯，或关于人与神之间恩慈的性质和必要性的简短论述，以及后者与前者的关系，特别参考《基督教圣经》，并考虑将人的怜悯作为一种义务，同时也是受益者和恩人的神圣怜悯时刻，其中还包含简短的神学人类学来支持这一论点，所有这些都表明与基督的联合是人类怜悯的基础和术语，因此，所谓的以仁慈方式进行爱的义务首先是“被爱”的义务，这由基督教神秘传统的两位神学家，即克莱尔沃的伯纳德和珍妮·古永的著作所证明。
6. Forecasting head lice (Pediculidae: Pediculus humanus capitis) infestation incidence hotspots based on spatial correlation analysis in Northwest Iran [O] . Davoud Adham, Eslam Moradi-Asl, Malek Abazari, 2020

机译：基于空间相关性分析的伊朗西北部头虱（Pedicculusidae humanus capitis）侵染发生热点预测
7. The head and body lice of humans are genetically distinct (Insecta: Phthiraptera, Pediculidae): evidence from double infestations [O] . Leo, NP, Hughes, Jane, Yang, X, 2005

机译：人类的头虱和体虱在遗传上是不同的（昆虫科：疫菌科，Pe科）：两次侵染的证据

Why infest the loved ones - Inherent human behaviour indicates former mutualism with head lice

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