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Mixed life-history strategies in a local population of the ectoparasitic fly Carnus hemapterus

机译：外寄生苍蝇Carnus hemapterus本地种群中的混合生活史策略

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摘要

A major issue for the proper understanding of the evolution of life-cycle histories is the regulation of voltinism and its variation. Diapause characteristics are known to regulate voltinism, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This paper studies diapause duration and voltinism variation in a haematophagous diptera parasitizing 2 sympatric hosts with very different breeding phenologies. We hypothesize that bivoltinism will be more frequent in carnid flies parasitizing an early breeding, multi-brooded species than in flies parasitizing a late breeder, single-brooded species. We obtained evidence of the co-occurrence of uni- and bivoltinism in both clutches of the multi-brooded Spotless starling (Sturnus unicolor) as well as in clutches of the single-brooded European roller (Coracias garrulus). Unexpectedly, the proportion of bivoltine flies was similar in both host species. A remarkable degree of host-parasite synchronization at the population level was found for bivoltine flies. Our findings reveal the facultative nature of diapause in Carnus. We discuss the influence of abiotic conditions and host availability on polymorphism in life-history cycles and the consequences both for the parasite and the host.
机译：正确理解生命周期历史演变的一个主要问题是对Voltinism及其变化的调节。众所周知，滞育的特征可以调节人为性，但其潜在机制了解甚少。本文研究了寄生于2个同伴寄主的具有不同育种物候的食血性双足动物的滞育持续时间和伏丁病变异。我们假设寄生于早期繁殖，多繁殖物种的食肉蝇比寄生于繁殖较晚，单一繁殖物种的蝇蝇更为频繁​​。我们获得了多繁殖的Spotless八哥（Sturnus unicolor）的离合器和单繁殖的欧洲罗拉（Coracias garrulus）的离合器中同时存在和双电压的证据。出乎意料的是，两种寄主物种中双蝇的比例相似。对于双伏蝇，在种群水平上发现了显着程度的宿主-寄生虫同步。我们的发现揭示了卡努斯滞育的兼性。我们讨论了非生物条件和宿主可用性对生命历史周期中多态性的影响以及对寄生虫和宿主的影响。

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