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首页> 外文期刊>Parasitology >Explaining variability in parasite aggregation levels among host samples.
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Explaining variability in parasite aggregation levels among host samples.

机译：解释宿主样品中寄生虫聚集水平的变异性。

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Aggregated distributions among individual hosts are a defining feature of metazoan parasite populations. Heterogeneity among host individuals in exposure to parasites or in susceptibility to infection is thought to be the main factor generating aggregation, with properties of parasites themselves explaining some of the variability in aggregation levels observed among species. Here, using data from 410 samples of helminth parasites on fish hosts, I tested the contribution of (i) within-sample variation in host body size, taken as a proxy for variability in host susceptibility, and (ii) parasite taxon and developmental stage, to the aggregated distribution of parasites. Log-transformed variance in numbers of parasites per host was regressed against log mean number across all samples; the strong relationship (r2= 0.88) indicated that aggregation levels are tightly constrained by mean infection levels, and that only a small proportion of the observed variability in parasite aggregation levels remains to be accounted for by other factors. Using the residuals of this regression as measures of 'unexplained' aggregation, a mixed effects model revealed no significant effect of within-sample variation in host body size or of parasite taxon or stage (i.e. juvenile versus adult) on parasite aggregation level within a sample. However, much of the remaining variability in parasite aggregation levels among samples was accounted for by the number of individual hosts examined per sample, and species-specific and study-specific effects reflecting idiosyncrasies of particular systems. This suggests that with most differences in aggregation among samples already explained, there may be little point in seeking universal causes for the remaining variation.
机译：个体宿主之间的聚集分布是后生寄生虫种群的定义特征。寄主个体在接触寄生虫或易感性方面的异质性被认为是产生聚集的主要因素，寄生虫本身的性质解释了物种间聚集水平的某些可变性。在这里，我使用来自鱼类寄主的410个蠕虫寄生虫的样本数据，测试了（i）寄主体内样本大小变异的贡献，作为寄主敏感性的可变性的代表，以及（ii）寄生虫分类群和发育阶段的贡献，以寄生虫的总分布。将所有宿主中寄生虫数量的对数转换方差与所有样本的对数平均值进行回归;紧密的关系（r2 = 0.88）表明，聚集水平受到平均感染水平的严格限制，而观察到的寄生虫聚集水平中的一小部分变异仍需由其他因素来解释。使用这种回归的残差作为“无法解释的”聚集的量度，混合效应模型显示出样本内宿主体内大小的变化或寄生生物分类群或阶段（即青少年与成年）对样本中寄生虫聚集水平没有显着影响。 。但是，样品中寄生虫聚集水平上许多剩余的可变性是由每个样品检查的单个宿主的数量以及反映特定系统特质的物种特异性和研究特异性效应所解释的。这表明，由于已经解释了样本之间聚集的最大差异，因此寻找导致剩余变异的普遍原因可能没有意义。

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