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Cryptosporidium species in humans and animals: current understanding and research needs

机译：人和动物中的隐孢子虫种类：当前的理解和研究需求

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摘要

Crvptospondium is increasingly recognized as one ol the major causes of moderate to severe diarrhoea m developing countries. With treatment options limited, control relies on knowledge of the biology and transmission of the members of the genus responsible for disease. Currently, 26 species are recognized as valid on the basis of morphological, biological and molecular data. Of the nearly 20 Cryptosporidium species and genotypes that have been reported in humans, C'ryptosporidiwn hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum are responsible for the majority of infections. Livestock, particularly cattle, are one of the most important reservoirs of zoonotic infections. Domesticated and wild animals can each be infected with several Cryptosporidium species or genotypes that have only a narrow host range and therefore have no major public health significance. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing techniques will significantly improve our understanding of the taxonomy and transmission of Cryptosporidium species, and the investigation of outbreaks and monitoring of emerging and virulent subtypes. Important research gaps remain including a lack of subtyping tools for many Cryptosporidium species of public and veterinary health importance, and poor understanding of the genetic determinants of host specificity of Cryptosporidium species and impact of climate change on the transmission of Cryptosporidium.
机译：越来越多的人认为Crvptospondium是发展中国家中度至重度腹泻的主要原因。在有限的治疗选择下，控制依赖于生物学知识和负责疾病的属成员的传播。目前，根据形态，生物学和分子数据，已有26种有效物种被确认为有效物种。在人类中已报道的近20种隐孢子虫物种和基因型中，隐孢子虫和小隐孢子虫是造成大多数感染的原因。牲畜，特别是牛，是人畜共患病感染的最重要的库之一。驯养和野生动物均可感染几种隐孢子虫种或基因型，它们的寄主范围很窄，因此对公共卫生没有重大意义。下一代测序技术的最新进展将大大改善我们对隐孢子虫物种分类学和传播，对疾病暴发的调查以及对新兴和有毒力亚型的监测的了解。仍然存在重要的研究差距，包括缺乏许多对公共和兽医健康重要性的隐孢子虫种类的分型工具，以及对隐孢子虫种类的宿主特异性的遗传决定因素以及气候变化对隐孢子虫传播的影响的了解不足。

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