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Environment-related and host-related factors affecting the occurrence of lice on rodents in Central Europe

机译：影响中欧啮齿动物虱子发生的环境和寄主相关因素

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摘要

We studied the effects of environment- (habitat, season) and host-related (sex, body mass) factors on the occurrence of four species of lice (Insecta:Phthiraptera:Anoplura) on six rodent species (Rodentia:Muridae). We asked how these factors influence the occurrence of lice on an individual host and whether different rodent-louse associations demonstrate consistent trends in these effects. We found significant effects of at least one environment-related and at least one host-related factor on the louse occurrence in five of six host-louse associations. The effect of habitat was significant in two associations with the occurrence of lice being more frequent in lowland than in mountain habitats. The effect of season was significant in five associations with a higher occurrence of infestation during the warm season in four associations and the cold season in one association. Host sex affected significantly the infestation by lice in three associations with a higher frequency of infestation in males. Host body mass affected the occurrence of lice in all five associations, being negative in wood mice and positive in voles. In conclusion, lice were influenced not only by the host- but also by environment-related factors. The effects of the latter could be mediated via life history parameters of a host.
机译：我们研究了环境（栖息地，季节）和寄主相关（性别，体重）因素对六个啮齿类动物（啮齿类：鼠科）上四种虱子（昆虫纲：昆虫纲：蚜虫）的发生的影响。我们询问了这些因素如何影响虱子在单个宿主上的发生，以及不同的啮齿动物-虱子协会是否在这些效应中显示出一致的趋势。我们在六个寄主-虱子协会中的五个中发现了至少一个与环境相关的因子和至少一个与寄主相关的因子对虱子发生的重大影响。在两个关联中，栖息地的影响是显着的，虱子的发生在低地比山区栖息地更为频繁。在五个协会中，季节的影响是显着的，在四个协会的温暖季节和一个协会的寒冷季节，侵扰发生率更高。在三个关联中，寄主性别显着影响虱子的侵染，而男性的侵扰频率更高。宿主体重影响了所有五个关联中虱子的发生，在木鼠中为阴性，在田鼠中为阳性。总之，虱子不仅受到宿主的影响，而且还受到与环境有关的因素的影响。后者的作用可以通过宿主的生活史参数来介导。

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