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Sensitivity of Red Sea circulation to monsoonal variability during the Holocene: An integrated data and modeling study

机译：全新世红海环流对季风变化的敏感性：综合数据和模型研究

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We used an oceanic general circulation model to evaluate the sensitivity of the hydrography and circulation of the Red Sea in response to reduced sea level and modified atmospheric conditions during the Holocene. With Holocene sea level close to the modern level, the Red Sea was sensitive to changes in atmospheric conditions, and it only shows a relatively mild response to sea level change. Changes in the monsoon system influence the exchange flow through the Strait of Bab el Mandab, the meridional overturning circulation of the Red Sea, and its hydrography. Forced by humid conditions the (modeled) Red Sea temperature increased by ～1.5C, while when arid conditions were imposed, the temperature decreased by ～2.5C. Similar heating and cooling events during the early and late Holocene are seen in a sea surface temperature record from the northern Red Sea (derived from the temperature sensitive TEX86 molecular biomarker), which suggests that humid conditions prevailed during the early Holocene and more arid conditions prevailed during the late Holocene. The gradual decline in Red Sea temperature between these two time periods suggests a gradual decline in the summer monsoon strength. This monsoon trend and the resulting changes in the Red Sea circulation are supported by the distribution of crenarchaea fossil lipids in Red Sea sediments from this period. Monsoon-driven changes in the exchange flow through the Strait of Bab el Mandab affected the crenarchaea population structure, and therefore, their molecular fossil distribution in the sediments of the Red Sea potentially provides an index for the summer monsoon strength during the Holocene.
机译：我们采用了海洋总体环流模型来评估全新世对全新世期间海平面下降和大气条件变化的响应，对红海的水文学和环流的敏感性。全新世海平面接近现代水平，红海对大气条件的变化很敏感，对海平面变化的响应相对温和。季风系统的变化会影响通过Bab el Mandab海峡的交换流量，红海的子午翻转环流及其水文学。在潮湿的条件下，（模拟的）红海温度上升了约1.5C，而在干旱条件下，温度下降了约2.5C。从北红海的海面温度记录中（从对温度敏感的TEX86分子生物标志物得出），可以看到在全新世早期和晚期发生了类似的加热和冷却事件，这表明在全新世早期普遍存在潮湿条件，而更干旱的条件普遍存在在全新世晚期。在这两个时期之间，红海温度逐渐下降，表明夏季风强度逐渐下降。该季风趋势和由此产生的红海环流变化得到了该时期红海沉积物中crenarchaea化石脂质的分布的支持。季风驱动的穿过Bab el Mandab海峡的交换流量变化影响了crenarchaea种群结构，因此，它们在红海沉积物中的分子化石分布可能为全新世夏季季风强度提供指标。

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