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On the definition of seasons in paleoclimate simulations with orbital forcing

机译：利用轨道强迫在古气候模拟中确定季节

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[1] Orbital forcing is a major driver of climate variability on timescales of 10,000 to 100,000 years. Changes in the orbital parameters cause variations in the length of the seasons by several days. Consequently, models using a fixed present-day calendar result in biased paleoseasons, especially in boreal autumn when the vernal equinox is used as an anchor point. The bias is estimated for temperatures and precipitation in a transient model simulation over the last 21,000 years and an accelerated simulation over the last 129,000 years. The largest differences of up to 4 K occur over the continents in high latitudes. Precipitation estimates are mostly affected in the low latitudes. The time-dependent bias is large enough to modify the temporal characteristics of temperature and precipitation indices. It is discussed to what extent the bias in one season is distorting comparisons between models and paleoproxies. The bias has minor implications for proxy-model comparisons in general. However, proxies of monsoon activity should be compared with fixed angular seasons. For process studies and climate sensitivity studies the use of fixed angular seasons is imperative.
机译：[1]在10,000至100,000年的时间尺度上，轨道强迫是气候变化的主要驱动力。轨道参数的变化会导致季节长度变化几天。因此，使用固定的今天日历的模型会导致偏瘫，尤其是在以春分作为锚点的北方秋季。在过去21,000年的瞬态模型模拟和过去129,000年的加速模拟中，估计温度和降水的偏差。在高纬度的大陆上，最大差异达4K。在低纬度地区，降水估计大部分受到影响。与时间有关的偏差足够大，可以修改温度和降水指数的时间特征。讨论了一个季节中的偏差在多大程度上扭曲了模型和古气候之间的比较。一般而言，偏向对代理模型的比较影响不大。但是，应将季风活动的代理与固定的角度季节进行比较。对于过程研究和气候敏感性研究，必须使用固定的角度季节。

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