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首页> 外文期刊>Paleoceanography >How well would modern-day oceanic property distributions be known with paleoceanographic-like observations?
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How well would modern-day oceanic property distributions be known with paleoceanographic-like observations?

机译：通过类似古海洋学的观测，如何了解现代海洋财产分布？

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Compilations of paleoceanographic observations for the deep sea now contain a few hundred points along the oceanic margins, mid-ocean ridges, and bathymetric highs, where seawater conditions are indirectly recorded in the chemistry of buried benthic foraminiferal shells. Here we design an idealized experiment to test our predictive ability to reconstruct modern-day seawater properties by considering paleoceanographic-like data. We attempt to reconstruct the known, modern-day global distributions by using a state estimation method that combines a kinematic tracer transport model with observations that have paleoceanographic characteristics. When a modern-like suite of observations (, practical salinity, seawater O-18, 13CDIC, PO4, NO3, and O-2) is used from the sparse paleolocations, the state estimate is consistent with the withheld data at all depths below 1500m, suggesting that the observational sparsity can be overcome. Physical features, such as the interbasin gradients in deep 13CDIC and the vertical structure of Atlantic 13CDIC, are accurately reconstructed. The state estimation method extracts useful information from the pointwise observations to infer distributions at the largest oceanic scales (at least 10,000km horizontally and 1500m vertically) and outperforms a standard optimal interpolation technique even though neither dynamical constraints nor constraints from surface boundary fluxes are used. When the sparse observations are more realistically restricted to the paleoceanographic proxy observations of C-13, O-18, and Cd/Ca, however, the large-scale property distributions are no longer recovered coherently. At least three more water mass tracers are likely needed at the core sites in order to accurately reconstruct the large-scale property distributions of the Last Glacial Maximum.
机译：现在，对深海的古海洋学观测资料汇编包括沿海洋边缘，中海脊和测深高度的数百个点，在这些点上，埋入底栖有孔虫壳的化学过程中间接记录了海水状况。在这里，我们设计了一个理想的实验，以通过考虑类似古海洋学的数据来检验我们重建现代海水特性的预测能力。我们试图通过使用状态估计方法来重构已知的现代全球分布，该方法将运动示踪剂传输模型与具有古海洋学特征的观测值相结合。当从稀疏的古地点使用一组类似现代的观测值（实际盐度，海水O-18、13CDIC，PO4，NO3和O-2）时，状态估计与1500m以下所有深度的隐含数据一致，表明可以克服观测稀疏性。可以精确地重建物理特征，例如深13CDIC中的盆地间梯度和大西洋13CDIC的垂直结构。状态估计方法从点状观测中提取有用的信息，以推断最大海洋尺度（水平至少10,000km，垂直至少1500m）的分布，并且即使没有使用动力学约束也没有使用表面边界通量的约束，其性能优于标准的最佳插值技术。但是，当稀疏观测更实际地局限于C-13，O-18和Cd / Ca的古海洋代用观测时，大规模的物性分布将不再连贯地恢复。为了准确地重建“最后冰河最大值”的大规模属性分布，核心站点可能至少还需要三个水质示踪剂。

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