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The role of ocean cooling in setting glacial southern source bottom water salinity

机译：海洋冷却在设定冰川南部水源底水盐度中的作用

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摘要

At the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the salinity contrast between northern source deep water and southern source bottom water was reversed with respect to the contrast today. Additionally, Glacial Southern Source Bottom Water(GSSBW)was saltier than Antarctic Bottom Water(AABW), over and above the difference implied by the mean sea level change. This study examines to what extent cold temperatures, through their effect on ice formation and melting, could have caused these differences. Computational sensitivity experiments using a coupled ice shelf cavity-sea ice-ocean model are performed in a Weddell Sea domain, as a representative case study for bottom water formation originating from Antarctic continental shelves. Ocean temperatures at the domain open boundaries are systematically lowered to determine the sensitivity of Weddell Sea water mass properties to a range of cool ocean temperatures. The steady state salinities differ between experiments due to temperature-induced responses of ice shelf and sea ice melting and freezing, evaporation and open boundary fluxes. The results of the experiments indicate that reduced ocean temperature can explain up to 30% of the salinity difference between GSSBW and AABW, primarily due to decreased ice shelf melting. The smallest and most exposed ice shelves, which abut narrow continental shelves, have the greatest sensitivity to the ocean temperature changes, suggesting that at the LGM there could have been a shift in geographical site dominance in bottom water formation. More sea ice is formed and exported in the cold ocean experiments, but the effect of this on salinity is negated by an equal magnitude reduction in evaporation.
机译：在最后一次冰期最大值（LGM）时，北部水源深水与南部水源底水之间的盐度对比相对于今天的对比已经颠倒了。此外，除了平均海平面变化所隐含的差异外，南方冰川源底水（GSSBW）比南极底水（AABW）更咸。这项研究考察了低温对冰的形成和融化的影响在多大程度上引起了这些差异。在Weddell海域中，使用耦合的冰架腔-海冰-海洋模型进行了计算敏感性实验，作为南极大陆架底部水形成的代表性案例研究。系统降低开放域边界上的海洋温度，以确定Weddell海水质量特性对一系列凉爽海洋温度的敏感性。实验之间的稳态盐度不同，这是由于温度引起的冰架反应以及海冰融化和冻结，蒸发和开放边界通量所致。实验结果表明，降低的海洋温度可以解释GSSBW和AABW之间盐度差异的30％，这主要归因于冰架融化的减少。最小且最裸露的冰架毗邻狭窄的大陆架，对海洋温度变化具有最大的敏感性，这表明在LGM底水形成中地理位置的主导地位可能发生了变化。在冰冷的海洋实验中，更多的海冰形成并输出，但是由于蒸发量的相等降低，其对盐度的影响却被抵消了。

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