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Effect of Bradyrhizobia Inoculant Formulation with Phorate in NewPeanut Fields

机译：花生根瘤菌缓释剂配伍磷酸盐的作用

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摘要

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a legume and requires nodulation by Bradyrhizobia to convert atmospheric N into a plant usable form. Peanut inoculants place large volumes of viable Bradyr-hizobia near the emerging root of the plant to infect it ensuring N-fixation. Peanut seedlings are susceptible to feeding by thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), which transmit Tospovirus leading to tomato spotted wilt (TSW) and can result in yield decline. Phorate is a common in-furrow insecticide used to reduce thrips feeding on the plants, and hence reduce the risk of TSW infection. However, placing phorate in the same furrow with living Bradyrhizobia has raised concerns about phorate potentially reducing efficacy of inoculants. Experiments were designed to test liquid and sterile peat formulations of Bradyrhizobia inoculant with two peanut cultivars in-furrow at planting, both with and without phorate insecticide to determine yield, grade, and growth parameters on peanut. Research was conducted on a non-irrigatedloamy sand with no prior history of growing peanut in Tifton, GA in 2013 and 2014. There were no negative effects on peanut yield or grade, or other measured parameters when phorate was included in-furrow with inoculants. Yields with inoculants were equal or greater (up to 32% more) than non-inoculated peanut, and grade was improved (+1.2 to 1.4%) when using the liquid formulation instead of the sterile peat formulation or non-inoculated peanut. Other indicators of improved plant performance using inoculants over non-inoculated plants included the abundance and activity of nodules on the roots and time to row closure (vegetation overlap of bare soil). These data indicate there are no detrimental effects to peanut inoculant when also including phorateinsecticide in-furrow.
机译：花生（花生）是一种豆科植物，需要缓生根瘤菌才能将其转化为植物可用的形式。花生孕育剂在植物的新兴根附近放置大量可行的Bradyr-hizobia以对其进行感染以确保N固定。花生幼苗易受蓟马（Thysanoptera：Thripidae）的取食，蓟马传播弓形病毒，导致番茄斑萎（TSW），并可能导致产量下降。磷酸盐是一种常见的犁沟内杀虫剂，可减少植物上的蓟马摄食，从而降低TSW感染的风险。但是，将磷酸根与活生根瘤菌放在同一沟中引起了人们对磷酸根潜在地降低孕育剂功效的担忧。设计实验以测试种植有两个花生栽培种的稻瘟病菌孕育剂的液体和无菌泥炭配方，种植时要有或没有使用磷农药，以确定花生的产量，等级和生长参数。在2013年和2014年，在乔治亚州的蒂夫顿，对没有灌溉花生的非灌溉壤土砂进行了研究。当孕育剂中含有果胶时，对花生的产量或品级或其他测量参数没有负面影响。使用液体制剂代替无菌泥炭制剂或未接种的花生时，接种物的产量与未接种的花生相等或更高（最多增加32％），等级提高（+1.2至1.4％）。与未接种的植物相比，使用接种剂改善植物性能的其他指标包括根部的根瘤丰度和活性以及行结时间（裸土的植被重叠）。这些数据表明，当还包括犁农药时，对花生接种剂没有有害作用。

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