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首页> 外文期刊>Pediatrics: Official Publication of the American Academy of Pediatrics >Prevention and management of positional skull deformities in infants.
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Prevention and management of positional skull deformities in infants.

机译：预防和处理婴儿的位置性颅骨畸形。

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摘要

Positional skull deformities may be present at birth or may develop during the first few months of life. Since the early 1990s, US pediatricians have seen an increase in the number of children with cranial asymmetry, particularly unilateral flattening of the occiput, likely attributable to parents following the American Academy of Pediatrics "Back to Sleep" positioning recommendations aimed at decreasing the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Positional skull deformities are generally benign, reversible head-shape anomalies that do not require surgical intervention, as opposed to craniosynostosis, which can result in neurologic damage and progressive craniofacial distortion. Although associated with some risk of positional skull deformity, healthy young infants should be placed down for sleep on their backs. The practice of putting infants to sleep on their backs has been associated with a drastic decrease in the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome. Pediatricians need to be able to properly differentiate infants with benign skull deformities from those with craniosynostosis, educate parents on methods of proactively decreasing the likelihood of the development of occipital flattening, initiate appropriate management, and make referrals when necessary. This report provides guidance for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of positional skull deformity in an otherwise normal infant without evidence of associated anomalies, syndromes, or spinal disease.
机译：颅骨位置畸形可能在出生时就出现，也可能在生命的最初几个月内发展。自1990年代初以来，美国儿科医生的颅骨不对称儿童数量有所增加，尤其是枕骨的单侧变扁平，这很可能归因于美国儿科学会“重返睡眠”定位建议的父母，这些建议旨在降低患病风险。婴儿猝死综合症。颅骨位置畸形通常是良性的，可逆的头部形状异常，与颅骨融合症相反，不需要手术干预，这可能会导致神经系统损害和进行性颅面畸形。尽管可能伴有颅骨位置畸形的危险，但应将健康的婴儿放倒在背上睡觉。使婴儿仰卧睡觉的做法与婴儿猝死综合症发生率的急剧下降有关。儿科医生需要能够正确地区分颅骨良性畸形婴儿与颅骨融合症婴儿，对父母进行教育，积极主动地降低枕骨展平的可能性，采取适当的治疗措施，并在必要时进行转诊。该报告为正常婴儿的预防，诊断和处理位置性颅骨畸形提供了指导，而没有相关异常，综合症或脊柱疾病的证据。

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