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首页> 外文期刊>Pediatrics: Official Publication of the American Academy of Pediatrics >Contraception in the adolescent: an update.
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Contraception in the adolescent: an update.

机译：青少年避孕：更新。

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摘要

Contraception remains an important part of national efforts to reduce adolescent pregnancy in the United States. A number of safe and effective contraceptive methods are available for our youth, including abstinence, barrier methods, oral contraceptives, Depo-Provera, and Norplant. Research over the past few decades has resulted in a variety of oral contraceptives with reduced amounts of hormones and reduced side-effects. A number of methods have received approval by the Food and Drug Administration since the last review in 1980, including emergency contraceptives, depomedroxyprogesterone acetate, and the cervical cap. The use of condoms and vaginal spermicides continues to be recommended for all sexually active adolescents to reduce (not eliminate) the risk for acquiring sexually transmitted diseases. A polyurethane condom is now available, in addition to the latex condom and other barrier contraceptives, including the following: diaphragm, cervical cap, vaginal sponge, female condom and vaginal spermicides. Because of continuing concerns about pelvic inflammatory disease related to intrauterine devices, currently available intrauterine devices are not recommended for most adolescents. Abortion is not considered as a contraceptive method.
机译：在美国，避孕仍然是国家减少青少年怀孕工作的重要组成部分。我们为青少年提供了许多安全有效的避孕方法，包括禁欲，隔离方法，口服避孕药，Propo-Provera和Norplant。过去几十年的研究导致各种口服避孕药减少了激素含量并减少了副作用。自1980年进行最后一次审查以来，食品和药物管理局已批准了许多方法，包括紧急避孕药，醋酸去甲孕酮和宫颈帽。仍然建议所有性活跃的青少年使用避孕套和阴道杀精剂，以减少（但不消除）获得性传播疾病的风险。除乳胶避孕套和其他屏障避孕药之外，现在还提供聚氨酯避孕套，包括以下物品：隔膜，子宫颈帽，阴道海绵，女性避孕套和阴道杀精剂。由于持续关注与宫内节育器有关的盆腔炎，因此不建议大多数青少年使用目前可用的宫内节育器。堕胎不被视为避孕方法。

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