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首页> 外文期刊>Pediatrics: Official Publication of the American Academy of Pediatrics >Issues related to human immunodeficiency virus transmission in schools, child care, medical settings, the home, and community. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee of Pediatric AIDS and Committee on Infectious Diseases.
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Issues related to human immunodeficiency virus transmission in schools, child care, medical settings, the home, and community. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee of Pediatric AIDS and Committee on Infectious Diseases.

机译：与人类免疫缺陷病毒在学校，托儿所，医疗场所，家庭和社区中传播有关的问题。美国儿科学会。小儿艾滋病委员会和传染病委员会。

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摘要

Current recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) for infection control practices to prevent transmission of blood-borne pathogens, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in hospitals, other medical settings, schools, and child care facilities, are reviewed and explained. Hand-washing is essential, whether or not gloves are used, and gloves should be used when contact with blood or blood-containing body fluids may occur. In hospitalized children, the 1996 recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) should be implemented as modified in the 1997 Red Book. The generic principles of Standard Precautions in the CDC guidelines generally are applicable to children in all health care settings, schools, child care facilities, and the home. However, gloves are not required for routine changing of diapers or for wiping nasal secretions of children in most circumstances. This AAP recommendation differs from that in the CDC guidelines. Current US Public Health Service guidelines for the management of potential occupational exposures of health care workers to HIV are summarized. As previously recommended by the AAP, HIV-infected children should be admitted without restriction to child care centers and schools and allowed to participate in all activities to the extent that their health and other recommendations for management of contagious diseases permit. Because it is not required that the school be notified of HIV infection, it may be helpful if the pediatrician notify the school that he or she is operating under a policy of nondisclosure of infection with blood-borne pathogens. Thus, it is possible that the pediatrician will not report the presence of such infections on the form. Because HIV infection occurs in persons throughout the United States, these recommendations for prevention of HIV transmission should be applied universally.
机译：审查并解释了美国儿科学会（AAP）当前为防止在医院，其他医疗机构，学校和儿童保育机构中传播血液传播病原体（包括人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV））而采取的感染控制措施建议。无论是否使用手套，洗手都是必不可少的，当接触血液或血液中含有体液时，应使用手套。对于住院儿童，应按照1997年《红皮书》中的修改内容执行疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的1996年建议。 CDC指南中“标准预防措施”的一般原则通常适用于所有医疗机构，学校，儿童保育设施和家庭中的儿童。但是，在大多数情况下，例行更换尿布或擦拭儿童的鼻分泌物不需要手套。该AAP建议与CDC指​​南中的建议不同。总结了美国现行的公共卫生服务指南，用于管理医护人员潜在的艾滋病毒职业接触。按照AAP的先前建议，感染HIV的儿童应不受限制地送入托儿所和学校，并应在其健康和其他传染病管理建议允许的范围内参加所有活动。因为不需要通知学校有关HIV感染的信息，所以如果儿科医生通知学校他或她正在根据未透露血源性病原体感染的政策进行操作，则可能会有所帮助。因此，儿科医生可能不会在表格上报告这种感染的存在。由于艾滋病毒感染发生在美国各地的人们中，因此，这些预防艾滋病毒传播的建议应得到普遍应用。

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