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首页> 外文期刊>Pediatrics: Official Publication of the American Academy of Pediatrics >Where children drown, United States, 1995.
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Where children drown, United States, 1995.

机译：儿童淹死的地方，美国，1995年。

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CONTEXT: Drowning is the second leading cause of unintentional injury death among children ages 1 to 19 years. Details about the specific site of submersion are important for implementation of primary prevention efforts, but are not routinely available from national data. OBJECTIVES: To provide national data about the specific sites of drowning among US children and to examine site-specific drowning rates by age, race, and gender. SETTING: United States, 1995. DESIGN: Information was abstracted from death certificates for unintentional drownings among children <20 years of age. The site of drowning was coded from free text on death certificates. Proportional distributions of the site of drowning by age, region, gender, and race were examined. Site-specific drowning rates were calculated by age, race, and gender. Denominators were based on US Census Bureau, June 1995 estimates of the US population. RESULTS: For 1995, death certificates were obtained for 1420 unintentional drownings among children <20 years of age, 98% of the number of drowning deaths reported by the National Center for Health Statistics for the same year. Site of drowning was specified on 1308 (92%) death certificates. Fifty-five percent of infant drownings were in bathtubs. Among children between the ages of 1 to 4 years, 56% of drownings were in artificial pools and 26% were in other bodies of freshwater. Among older children, 63% of drownings were in natural bodies of freshwater. Site-specific drowning rates varied by race. Importantly, after the age of 5 years, the risk of drowning in a swimming pool was greater among black males compared with white males with rate ratios of 15.1 (95% confidence interval: 6.7-38.5) among 10- to 14-year-olds and 12.8 (95% confidence interval: 6.5-26.9) among 15- to 19-year-olds. CONCLUSION: The variety of sites in which children drown, even within specific age groups, emphasizes the need for a multifaceted approach to prevention. Reductions in the relatively high rates of drowning among black adolescent males will require targeted interventions to prevent swimming pool drownings among this group.
机译：背景：溺水是1至19岁儿童意外伤害死亡的第二大主要原因。关于淹没具体地点的详细信息对于实施一级预防工作很重要，但国家数据通常无法提供。目的：提供有关美国儿童中特定溺水地点的国家数据，并按年龄，种族和性别检查特定地点的溺水率。地点：美国，1995年。设计：信息摘自20岁以下儿童无意溺水的死亡证明。溺水现场的代码来自死亡证明上的免费文字。检查了溺水地点按年龄，地区，性别和种族的比例分布。特定地点的溺水率是按年龄，种族和性别计算的。分母基于美国人口普查局1995年6月对美国人口的估计。结果：在1995年，获得了20岁以下儿童中1420例意外溺水的死亡证明，占当年国家卫生统计中心报告的溺水死亡人数的98％。 1308年（92％）的死亡证明书上指定了溺水地点。 55％的婴儿溺水在浴缸中。在1至4岁的儿童中，溺水的56％是在人工水池中，而26％的是在其他淡水中。在年龄较大的儿童中，有63％的溺水是在淡水的自然体内。特定地点的溺水率因种族而异。重要的是，在5岁以后，黑人男性的游泳池中溺水的风险要高于白人男性，而10至14岁儿童中比率为15.1（95％置信区间：6.7-38.5）。 15到19岁的年龄段中的12.8（95％置信区间：6.5-26.9）。结论：即使在特定年龄组内，儿童淹死的地点也多种多样，这表明需要采取多方面的预防方法。要减少黑人青少年男性相对较高的溺水率，将需要有针对性的干预措施，以防止该群体中的游泳池溺水。

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