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首页> 外文期刊>Pediatrics: Official Publication of the American Academy of Pediatrics >Children who have received no vaccines: who are they and where do they live?
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Children who have received no vaccines: who are they and where do they live?

机译：未接种疫苗的儿童：他们是谁，他们住在哪里？

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CONTEXT: Each year 2.1 million children 19 to 35 months of age are undervaccinated. Among these are children who have received no vaccinations. Unvaccinated children are at increased risk of acquiring and transmitting vaccine-preventable diseases. OBJECTIVES: To assess whether the characteristics of children with no vaccinations differ from those of undervaccinated children, to monitor trends in the numbers of unvaccinated children, and to identify states with high rates and counties with large numbers of unvaccinated children. DESIGN: A nationally representative probability sample of children 19 to 35 months of age was collected annually between 1995 and 2001. Vaccination histories were ascertained from children's medical providers. Undervaccinated children had received > or =1 dose of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, polio, measles, Haemophilus influenzae type b, hepatitis B, or varicella vaccine but were not fully vaccinated. Unvaccinated children were children who were reported as having no medical providers and having received no vaccinations or children whose medical providers reported administering no vaccinations. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 151,720 children sampled between 1995 and 2001, 795 of whom were unvaccinated. RESULTS: Undervaccinated children tended to be black, to have a younger mother who was not married and did not have a college degree, to live in a household near the poverty level, and to live in a central city. Unvaccinated children tended to be white, to have a mother who was married and had a college degree, to live in a household with an annual income exceeding 75,000 dollars, and to have parents who expressed concerns regarding the safety of vaccines and indicated that medical doctors have little influence over vaccination decisions for their children. Unvaccinated children were more likely to be male than female. Annually, approximately 17,000 children were unvaccinated. The largest numbers of unvaccinated children lived in counties in California, Illinois, New York, Washington, Pennsylvania, Texas, Oklahoma, Colorado, Utah, and Michigan. States that allowed philosophical exemptions to laws mandating vaccinations for children as they entered school had significantly higher estimated rates of unvaccinated children. CONCLUSIONS: Unvaccinated children have characteristics that are distinctly different from those of undervaccinated children. Unvaccinated children are clustered geographically, increasing the risk of transmitting vaccine-preventable diseases to both unvaccinated and undervaccinated children.
机译：背景：每年有210万19至35个月大的儿童未接种疫苗。其中有未接种疫苗的儿童。未接种疫苗的儿童感染和传播疫苗可预防疾病的风险增加。目的：评估未接种疫苗的儿童的特征与未接种疫苗的儿童的特征是否不同，监测未接种疫苗的儿童数量的趋势，并确定高接种率的州和有大量未接种疫苗的儿童的县。设计：1995年至2001年之间，每年收集19个至35个月大的儿童的全国代表性概率样本。从儿童医疗提供者处确定了疫苗接种史。未接种疫苗的儿童已接种了≥或= 1剂量的白喉-破伤风-百日咳，小儿麻痹症，麻疹，b型流感嗜血杆菌，乙型肝炎或水痘疫苗，但未完全接种疫苗。未接种疫苗的儿童是指没有医疗服务提供者且未接种疫苗的儿童，或医疗服务提供者报告未接种疫苗的儿童。参加者：1995年至2001年期间，共有151,720名儿童被抽样，其中795名未接种疫苗。结果：未接种疫苗的孩子往往是黑人，有未婚且没有大学学位的年轻母亲，生活在贫困水平附近的家庭中，并且生活在中心城市。未接种疫苗的孩子往往是白人，有一个已婚并有大学学历的母亲，生活在一个年收入超过75,000美元的家庭中，并且有父母对疫苗的安全性表示关注并表示医生对孩子的疫苗接种决定影响很小。未接种疫苗的儿童更可能是男性而不是女性。每年大约有17,000名儿童没有接种疫苗。加州，伊利诺伊州，纽约，华盛顿，宾夕法尼亚州，德克萨斯州，俄克拉荷马州，科罗拉多州，犹他州和密歇根州的县中，未接种疫苗的儿童数量最多。允许对儿童上学时强制接种疫苗的法律进行哲学豁免的国家估计未接种疫苗的儿童的比率要高得多。结论：未接种疫苗的儿童具有与未接种疫苗的儿童明显不同的特征。未接种疫苗的儿童在地理位置上聚集在一起，增加了向未接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的儿童传播可预防疫苗的疾病的风险。

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