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首页> 外文期刊>Pathobiology: journal of immunopathology, molecular and cellular biology >From immunosuppression to immunomodulation: Current principles and future strategies
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From immunosuppression to immunomodulation: Current principles and future strategies

机译：从免疫抑制到免疫调节：当前原理和未来策略

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摘要

Over the last few decades, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of immune responses. This progress has also led to a more detailed knowledge of the processes leading to the loss of self-tolerance and the destruction of self-tissue in the case of autoimmune diseases, the effector mechanism involved in transplant allograft rejection as well as the driving factors in exacerbated inflammatory disorders. Despite this progress, the challenge still remains to selectively interfere with immune responses responsible for autoimmunity or transplant rejection while keeping an intact response to infectious agents. To date, such a selective interference is still difficult to achieve, as highlighted by the fact that an overall increased risk for infections and malignancy continues to be the most frequent side effect of the currently used immunosuppressive principles. Nevertheless, although discovered several decades ago, many of the 'first-generation' immunosuppressive principles such as steroids, methotrexate and cyclosporin A are still in clinical use, demonstrating the therapeutic value of these drugs for the patients that are in need. In this review, the author describes the mode of action of the currently most used immunosuppressive agents (not attempting to cover all principles that are available) and expands on recent activities in the discovery and development of novel immunomodulatory principles.
机译：在过去的几十年中，在理解免疫反应机制方面已经取得了巨大的进步。这一进展还导致人们对自身免疫性疾病导致自身耐受力丧失和自身组织破坏的过程，参与同种异体移植排斥反应的效应器机制以及促癌因素的更详细了解。加剧了炎症。尽管取得了这一进展，仍然面临挑战，即选择性地干扰负责自身免疫或移植排斥的免疫反应，同时保持对传染原的完整反应。迄今为止，仍然存在这样的选择性干扰，突出的事实是感染和恶性肿瘤的总体风险增加仍然是当前使用的免疫抑制原理最常见的副作用。尽管如此，尽管几十年前被发现，但许多“第一代”免疫抑制原理，如类固醇，甲氨蝶呤和环孢菌素A仍在临床上使用，证明了这些药物对有需要的患者的治疗价值。在这篇综述中，作者描述了目前使用最广泛的免疫抑制剂的作用方式（不试图涵盖所有可用的原理），并扩展了在发现和开发新型免疫调节原理方面的最新活动。

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