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4D integrated technologies for deep-water turbidite reservoirs: from petrophysics to fluid flow simulation

机译：深水浊积岩储层的4D集成技术：从岩石物理学到流体流动模拟

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Petrobras has been developing its 4D seismic technological programme since 1998, focused on the Brazilian deep-water fields in the Compos Basin, and considering the technical, operational and economic challenges involved in the development plan and reservoir management in this environment. The first step was to align the objectives of the project with the company goals for the following 15 years, in terms of earnings growth, production growth and reserves replacement. This information guided how the 4D reservoir management should be employed: as hedging technology to ensure that production targets would be achieved in several key fields at once, or as a direct technology investment to increase the production of individual, independent fields. The mission of reservoir management for each field involved was understood and new deep-water seismic technologies were developed to face the global operational and economic targets. 3D seismic reservoir monitoring, or 4D seismic study, was defined as an 'integration of multidisciplinary technologies that includes the time-lapse monitoring of the drainage efficiency, using cores, well logs, seismic data, production history and pressure management'. Water injection is the preferable recovery method for the deep-water reservoirs in Brazil. Therefore, seismic monitoring should be able to distinguish contrasts of both fluids-injected water and remaining oil-that normally produce small seismic impedance values. This characteristic has brought the first technical challenge: the use of the 3D P-wave surface legacy data from the 1980s and 1990s, when the major fields started production, as 4D base-volumes to the correlated with future recommended 3D seismic data (surface or ocean bottom systems) as 4D monitor-volumes. In addition to all developed seismic technologies for data processing, a general 4D work flow was designed and the concept of the integrated reservoir model was adapted to relate all such technologies to the reservoir engineering needs and to the field economics, generating reliable 4D images for each reservoir study. This paper summarizes the multidisciplinary technical integration, including geological and seismic modelling, petrophysical simulations, seismic processing and interpretation, and reservoir simulation. A 4D methodology was implemented to integrate all such technical development and economic analysis, identifying where, when and how seismic monitoring can contribute to the reservoir management. This methodology has been applied to the Campos Basin deep-water reservoir, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.
机译：自1998年以来，巴西国家石油公司一直在开发4D地震技术计划，重点是位于Compos盆地的巴西深水油田，并考虑了该环境下的开发计划和储层管理所涉及的技术，运营和经济挑战。第一步是使项目目标与公司未来15年的目标一致，包括收益增长，产量增长和储备置换。该信息指导了应如何采用4D储层管理：作为对冲技术以确保同时在多个关键领域实现生产目标，还是作为直接技术投资来增加各个独立领域的产量。了解了每个领域的油藏管理任务，并开发了新的深水地震技术来应对全球运营和经济目标。 3D地震储层监控或4D地震研究被定义为“多学科技术的集成，其中包括使用岩心，测井，地震数据，生产历史和压力管理对排水效率进行时延监控”。注水是巴西深水水库较好的采收方法。因此，地震监测应该能够区分通常产生较小地震阻抗值的注水和剩余油的对比。这一特征带来了第一个技术挑战：使用1980年代和1990年代主要领域开始生产时使用的3D P波表面遗留数据，将4D基本体积与未来推荐的3D地震数据（地表或地面）相关联。海底系统）作为4D监控体积。除了用于数据处理的所有已开发的地震技术外，还设计了通用的4D工作流程，并采用了集成油藏模型的概念，将所有此类技术与油藏工程需求和现场经济联系起来，从而为每个油藏生成可靠的4D图像。储层研究。本文总结了多学科的技术集成，包括地质和地震建模，岩石物理模拟，地震处理和解释以及储层模拟。实施了一种4D方法，以整合所有此类技术开发和经济分析，确定地震监测在何时，何地以及如何对储层管理做出贡献。该方法已应用于巴西里约热内卢州的坎波斯盆地深水水库。

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