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首页> 外文期刊>Pest Management Science >Mutations in the CYP51 gene correlated with changes in sensitivity to sterol 14alpha-demethylation inhibitors in field isolates of Mycosphaerella graminicola
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Mutations in the CYP51 gene correlated with changes in sensitivity to sterol 14alpha-demethylation inhibitors in field isolates of Mycosphaerella graminicola

机译：CYP51基因的突变与对麦氏小球菌田间分离物中对固醇14α-去甲基化抑制剂的敏感性变化相关

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摘要

In France, as in many other European countries, Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) Schroter in Cohn (anamorph Septoria tritici), the causal agent of wheat leaf blotch, is controlled by foliar applications of fungicides. With the recent generalization of resistance to strobilurins (QoIs), reliable control is mainly dependent upon inhibitors of sterol 14alpha-demethylation (DMIs). To date, strains with reduced sensitivity to DMIs are widespread, but disease control using members of this class of sterol biosynthesis inhibitors has not been compromised. In this study, sensitivity assays based on in vitro effects of fungicides towards germ-tube elongation allowed the characterization of seven DMI-resistant phenotypes. In four of them, cross-resistance was not observed between all tested DMIs; this characteristic concerned prochloraz, triflumizole, fluquinconazole and tebuconazole. Moreover, the highest resistant factors to most DMIs were found only in recent isolates; according to their response towards prochloraz, they were classified into two categories. Molecular studies showed that DMI resistance was associated with mutations in the CYP51 gene encoding the sterol 14alpha-demethylase. Alterations at codons 459, 460 and 461 were related to low resistance levels, whereas, at position 381, a valine instead of an isoleucine, in combination with the previous changes, determined the highest resistance levels to all DMIs except prochloraz. Mutations in codons 316 and 317 were also found in some isolates exhibiting low resistance factors towards most DMIs. Copyright (c) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry.
机译：与许多其他欧洲国家一样，在法国，小麦叶片斑点斑点的病原体是科恩（无性型Septoria tritici）中的粒状Mycosphaerella graminicola（Fuckel）Schroter，它通过叶面施用杀真菌剂来控制。随着近来对嗜球果伞素（QoIs）的抗药性的普遍发展，可靠的控制主要取决于甾醇14α-去甲基化（DMI）的抑制剂。迄今为止，对DMI敏感性降低的菌株已经广泛使用，但是使用这类固醇生物合成抑制剂的成员进行疾病控制仍未受到损害。在这项研究中，基于杀菌剂对胚芽管伸长的体外作用的敏感性测定可表征7种DMI耐药表型。在其中四个中，在所有测试的DMI之间均未观察到交叉电阻。该特性涉及前草胺，三氟甲唑，氟喹康唑和戊唑醇。此外，仅在最近的分离物中发现了对大多数DMI的最高抗药性因子。根据它们对丙草胺的反应，将它们分为两类。分子研究表明，DMI抗性与编码固醇14α-脱甲基酶的CYP51基因突变有关。密码子459、460和461的改变与低抗性水平有关，而在位置381，缬氨酸而不是异亮氨酸，结合先前的变化，确定了对除异丙草胺以外的所有DMI的最高抗性水平。在一些对大多数DMI表现出低抗性的菌株中，也发现了316和317密码子的突变。版权所有（c）2007年化学工业协会。

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