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首页> 外文期刊>SA Fruit Journal >Effect of organic and integrated soil management practices on the weed population in a 'Pink Lady' apple orchard in the Elgin region.
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Effect of organic and integrated soil management practices on the weed population in a 'Pink Lady' apple orchard in the Elgin region.

机译：有机和综合土壤管理措施对埃尔金地区“粉红色淑女”苹果园杂草种群的影响。

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摘要

Five soil management practices applied in a micro-sprinkler irrigated 'Pink Lady' (Cripps PinkReg./M7) orchard established on a loam soil near Grabouw were evaluated from October 2003 to March 2010. Dry matter production by the cover crops at the end of September was higher under integrated soil management (IP) than under organic soil management (Organic) during 2004, 2007 and 2008, with the same trend being observed during 2005, 2006, and 2009. Cover crops in the IP and Organic treatments suppressed the winter growing weeds significantly over all seasons compared to treatments in which no cover crop was sown and weeds were slashed during the growing season of the trees (Weeds (IP) and Weeds (Organic) treatments). Except for September 2004, a similar result was achieved where a full surface straw mulch was packed out annually during October, followed by hand weeding during the growing season of the trees (Straw Mulch (Organic) treatment). Summer growing weeds were controlled effectively by the Cover Crop (IP) and Straw Mulch (Organic) treatments. Weeds (IP) and Weeds (Organic) caused broad leaf weeds to disappear and perennial grasses to dominate the weed spectrum. Although not as drastic, a similar trend developed in the Cover Crop (Organic) treatment. In contrast, annual weed species became dominant where Cover Crop (IP) was applied. All soil cultivation practices caused changes in the weed spectrum, with species dominance shifting with time. This aspect of weed control should be studied more extensively in future.
机译：从2003年10月至2010年3月，对在Grabouw附近的一块壤土上建立的微喷头灌溉的'Pink Lady'（Cripps PinkReg./M7）果园中应用的五种土壤管理方法进行了评估。在2004年，2007年和2008年，综合土壤管理（IP）的9月高于有机土壤管理（有机），2005、2006和2009年的趋势相同。IP和有机处理的覆盖作物抑制了冬季与在树木的生长季节未播种任何覆盖作物并砍除杂草的处理（杂草（IP）和杂草（有机）处理）相比，所有季节的杂草生长都显着。除2004年9月外，获得了类似的结果，每年10月期间将一整块秸秆覆盖物覆盖，然后在树木的生长季节进行人工除草（秸秆覆盖物（有机）处理）。通过覆盖作物（IP）和秸秆覆盖（有机）处理有效控制了夏季生长的杂草。杂草（IP）和杂草（有机）导致阔叶杂草消失，多年生草类占主导地位。尽管不那么剧烈，但覆盖作物（有机）处理也出现了类似的趋势。相比之下，一年生杂草在覆盖作物（IP）的应用上占主导地位。所有的土壤耕作方法都引起了杂草谱的变化，物种优势随着时间而变化。杂草控制的这一方面应在未来进行更广泛的研究。

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