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首页> 外文期刊>Pharmaceutical statistics. >Balance and randomness in sequential clinical trials: the dominant biased coin design.
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Balance and randomness in sequential clinical trials: the dominant biased coin design.

机译：顺序临床试验中的平衡性和随机性：占主导地位的偏向硬币设计。

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摘要

Efron's biased coin design (BCD) is a well-known randomization technique that helps neutralize selection bias, while keeping the experiment fairly balanced for every sample size. Several extensions of this rule have been proposed, and their properties were analyzed from an asymptotic viewpoint and compared via simulations in a finite setup. The aim of this paper is to push forward these comparisons by taking also into account the adjustable BCD, which is never considered up to now. Firstly, we show that the adjustable BCD performs better than Efron's coin with respect to both loss of precision and randomness. Moreover, the adjustable BCD is always more balanced than the other coins and, only for some sample sizes, slightly more predictable. Therefore, we suggest the dominant BCD, namely a new and flexible class of procedures that can change the allocation rule step by step in order to ensure very good performance in terms of both balance and selection bias for any sample size. Our simulations demonstrate that the dominant BCD is more balanced and, at the same time, less or equally predictable than Atkinson's optimum BCD.
机译：埃夫隆的偏向硬币设计（BCD）是一种众所周知的随机化技术，有助于抵消选择偏向，同时使每个样本大小的实验保持均衡。已经提出了该规则的几个扩展，并从渐近的角度分析了它们的性质，并通过有限设置中的仿真进行了比较。本文的目的是通过考虑可调节的BCD来推动这些比较，这是迄今为止从未考虑过的。首先，我们证明了可调BCD在准确性和随机性方面均优于Efron的硬币。此外，可调节的BCD总是比其他硬币更平衡，并且仅对于某些样本量而言，可预测性稍强。因此，我们建议采用占主导地位的BCD，即一种新的灵活的程序类别，可以逐步更改分配规则，以确保在任何样本量的平衡和选择偏差方面都具有非常好的性能。我们的仿真表明，与Atkinson的最佳BCD相比，优势BCD更平衡，同时可预测性也更低或相同。

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