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首页> 外文期刊>Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior >Lead, attention, and impulsive behavior: changes in a fixed-ratio waiting-for-reward paradigm.
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Lead, attention, and impulsive behavior: changes in a fixed-ratio waiting-for-reward paradigm.

机译：领导，注意力和冲动行为：固定比率的等待回报范式的变化。

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摘要

Similar to the effects observed in children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), experimental animals exposed to lead (Pb) exhibit behaviors attributed to "impulsivity" and "inability to inhibit inappropriate responding." Such behaviors have led some to suggest that Pb exposure is associated with attention deficit. Based on the hypothesis that attention deficits are related to an ineffectiveness of delayed reinforcement, this study examined the effects of chronic postweaning Pb exposure on an FR waiting-for-reward paradigm. Rats were exposed chronically from weaning to 0, 50, or 150 ppm Pb acetate in water and following 40 days of exposure, trained on a fixed-ratio (FR) wait behavioral baseline. A total of 50 lever press responses (FR 50) produced food delivery. After earning an FR pellet, "free" pellets could be obtained by waiting; emission of another lever press reinitiated the FR requirement. "Free" pellets were delivered at increasing intervals (2 s, 4 s, 6 s, etc.). Pb exposure increased response rates on the FR schedule and decreased the mean longest waiting time, but also resulted in a higher number of responses per reinforcer than exhibited by controls. These Pb-induced differences are consistent with an inability to manage delays of reinforcement.
机译：与在诊断为注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童中观察到的效果相似，暴露于铅（Pb）的实验动物表现出归因于“冲动”和“无法抑制不适当反应的行为”。这种行为使一些人认为铅的暴露与注意力不足有关。基于注意力不足与延迟强化无效相关的假设，本研究研究了长期断奶后铅暴露对FR等待报酬模式的影响。断奶后，大鼠从水中长期暴露于0、50或150 ppm乙酸铅，并在暴露40天后接受固定比率（FR）等待行为基线训练。总共有50次压杆响应（FR 50）产生了食物。获得FR颗粒后，可以通过等待获得“免费”颗粒。释放另一个杠杆压力机重新启动了FR要求。以增加的间隔（2 s，4 s，6 s等）递送“游离”药丸。铅的暴露提高了FR计划的应答率，减少了平均最长的等待时间，但与对照相比，每个增强剂的应答次数也更多。这些由铅引起的差异与无法处理补强延迟相一致。

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