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首页> 外文期刊>Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior >Role of neuronal nicotinic receptors in the transmission and processing of information in neurons of the central nervous system.
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Role of neuronal nicotinic receptors in the transmission and processing of information in neurons of the central nervous system.

机译：神经元烟碱样受体在中枢神经系统神经元信息传递和处理中的作用。

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The properties of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) were studied following exogenous expression in a host system or using whole-cell recordings in brain slices, autoradiography and immunohistochemistry. When expressed in HEK-293 cells, alpha 4 beta 2 nAChRs displayed both a high and a low affinity component. The ratio of these two states was modified by chronic nicotine exposure, resulting in an enhanced sensitivity and a marked reduction in desensitization. Mutations in the gene coding for the alpha 4 subunit are responsible for a particular form of nocturnal epilepsy. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, alpha 4 beta 2 nAChRs containing these mutations displayed distinct alterations in agonist affinity, desensitization and calcium permeability. Magnocellular endocrine neurons in the supraoptic (SO) nucleus of the hypothalamus were found to express functional alpha 7-containing nAChRs, which could play a role in regulating neurohypophysial peptide secretion. Facial (VII), hypoglossal (XII) and vagal (X) motoneurons of young rats responded to ACh by a fast inward current. The nAChRs present in VII and XII nuclei were of the non-alpha 7-containing type, whereas those present in the X nucleus contained the alpha 7 subunit. In Bcl-2 transgenic mice, facial nerve axotomy caused nAChRs downregulation by interfering negatively with the expression of the alpha 4 subunit. Binding sites corresponding to alpha 7-containing nAChRs were also detected in spinal motor nuclei and axotomy provoked a reduction of the binding. Together, these data indicate that long-term exposure to nicotine can promote neuroadaptive changes in nAChRs and that genetic alterations of neuronal nAChRs can result in transmissible neurological diseases. They also suggest that these receptors probably play a role in the central regulation of autonomic functions, as well as in motor control.
机译：在宿主系统中外源表达或使用脑切片中的全细胞记录，放射自显影和免疫组织化学后，研究了烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体（nAChRs）的特性。当在HEK-293细胞中表达时，alpha 4 beta 2 nAChRs既显示高亲和力，又显示低亲和力。慢性尼古丁暴露可改变这两种状态的比率，从而提高敏感性并显着降低脱敏性。编码α4亚基的基因突变是夜间癫痫的一种特殊形式。当在非洲爪蟾卵母细胞中表达时，包含这些突变的alpha 4 beta 2 nAChRs在激动剂亲和力，脱敏和钙渗透性方面表现出明显的变化。下丘脑上视（SO）核中的核细胞内分泌神经元被发现表达功能性含α7的nAChRs，这可能在调节神经垂体肽分泌中发挥作用。幼鼠的面部（VII），舌下（XII）和迷走神经（X）运动神经元通过快速的内向电流对ACh作出反应。存在于VII和XII原子核中的nAChRs不含α7型，而存在于X原子核中的nAChRs包含alpha 7亚基。在Bcl-2转基因小鼠中，面神经轴突切开术通过负面干扰α4亚基的表达而导致nAChRs下调。在脊髓运动核中也检测到了对应于含α7nAChR的结合位点，并且进行了轴切术，导致结合减少。总之，这些数据表明长期暴露于尼古丁可促进nAChRs的神经适应性变化，而神经元nAChRs的遗传改变可导致传染性神经疾病。他们还暗示这些受体可能在自主神经功能的中央调节以及运动控制中发挥作用。

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