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首页> 外文期刊>Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior >Effects of transdermally administered nicotine on aspects of attention, task load, and mood in women and men.
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Effects of transdermally administered nicotine on aspects of attention, task load, and mood in women and men.

机译：经皮给药的尼古丁对男女注意力，任务负荷和情绪方面的影响。

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This double-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted to determine nicotine effects on diverse types of attentional performance, task load, and mood considering sex effects as suggested by animal studies. Twelve smokers, 12 deprived smokers and 12 nonsmokers (6 females, 6 males in each group) were investigated. Participants were treated either by 5 mg/16 h nicotine patches (Nicorette) or placebo. Effects of treatment were examined by a computerized attention-test battery; mood was assessed by the Berliner-Alltagssprachliches-Stimmungs-Inventar and task load by the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). Results showed that nicotine significantly increased the number of hits and decreased reaction time (RT) in the vigilance task. In the selective attention task combined with irrelevant speech as background noise, nicotine enhanced rate of hits. Although it was indicated that nicotine leads to a generally higher accuracy in attention tasks, response time of visual search was prolonged, contradicting a universal facilitation by nicotine. Participants experienced mental demand and temporal demand lower and rated alertness higher when in the nicotine condition. These effects were independent of smoking status, indicating "true" nicotine effects. Females took significant advantage of nicotine in the vigilance task, reaching the performance level of males, accompanied by a higher rated alertness. Results indicate task- and sex-dependent nicotine effects.
机译：这项双盲安慰剂对照研究旨在确定尼古丁对多种类型的注意力表现，任务负荷和情绪的影响，并考虑到动物研究表明的性别影响。调查了十二名吸烟者，十二名贫困烟民和十二名不吸烟者（每组6名女性，每组6名男性）。参与者接受5 mg / 16 h尼古丁贴片（Nicorette）或安慰剂治疗。通过计算机注意力测试电池检查治疗效果;情绪由Berliner-Alltagssprachliches-Stimmungs-Inventar评估，任务负荷由NASA任务负荷指数（NASA-TLX）评估。结果表明，在警戒任务中，尼古丁可显着增加命中次数并缩短反应时间（RT）。在选择性注意任务中，结合无关语音作为背景噪音，尼古丁提高了命中率。尽管已表明尼古丁通常能提高注意力任务的准确性，但视觉搜索的响应时间却延长了，这与尼古丁的普遍促进作用相矛盾。在尼古丁状态下，参与者的精神需求和时间需求较低，而戒备等级较高。这些影响与吸烟状态无关，表明“真正的”尼古丁影响。女性在警戒任务中充分利用了尼古丁，达到了男性的表现水平，并具有更高的额定警觉性。结果表明任务和性别对尼古丁的影响。

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