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首页> 外文期刊>Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior >Adaptive plasticity of NMDA receptors and dendritic spines: implications for enhanced vulnerability of the adolescent brain to alcohol addiction.
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Adaptive plasticity of NMDA receptors and dendritic spines: implications for enhanced vulnerability of the adolescent brain to alcohol addiction.

机译：NMDA受体和树突棘的适应性可塑性：增强青少年大脑对酒精成瘾的脆弱性的影响。

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It is now known that brain development continues into adolescence and early adulthood and is highly influenced by experience-dependent adaptive plasticity during this time. Behaviorally, this period is also characterized by increased novelty seeking and risk-taking. This heightened plasticity appears to be important in shaping behaviors and cognitive processes that contribute to proper development of an adult phenotype. However, increasing evidence has linked these same experience-dependent learning mechanisms with processes that underlie drug addiction. As such, the adolescent brain appears to be particularly susceptible to experience-dependent learning processes associated with consumption of alcohol and addictive drugs. At the level of the synapse, homeostatic changes during ethanol consumption are invoked to counter the destabilizing effects of ethanol on neural networks. This homeostatic response may be especially pronounced in the adolescent and young adult brain due to its heightened capacity toundergo experience-dependent changes, and appears to involve increased synaptic targeting of NMDA receptors. Interestingly, recent work from our lab also indicates that the enhanced synaptic localization of NMDA receptors promotes increases in the size of dendritic spines. This increase may represent a structural-based mechanism that supports the formation and stabilization of maladapted synaptic connections that, in a sense, "fix" the addictive behavior in the adolescent and young adult brain.
机译：现在已知，大脑发育一直持续到青春期和成年早期，并且在这段时间内受到经验依赖的适应性可塑性的强烈影响。从行为上讲，这一时期的特征还在于增加了寻求新颖性和冒险精神。这种增强的可塑性在塑造有助于成人表型正常发育的行为和认知过程中似乎很重要。但是，越来越多的证据将这些相同的依赖于经验的学习机制与成瘾的基础联系在一起。这样，青春期大脑似乎特别容易受到与饮酒和成瘾性药物相关的经验依赖型学习过程的影响。在突触的水平上，调用乙醇消耗过程中的稳态变化以抵消乙醇对神经网络的破坏作用。由于其承受经历依赖的变化的能力增强，这种稳态反应在青少年和成年年轻人的大脑中尤其明显，并且似乎涉及增加对NMDA受体的突触靶向。有趣的是，我们实验室最近的工作还表明，NMDA受体突触定位的增强促进了树突棘尺寸的增加。这种增加可能代表了一种基于结构的机制，该机制支持了适应不良的突触连接的形成和稳定，在某种意义上说，这种连接“固定”了青少年大脑和成年大脑的成瘾行为。

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