首页> 外文期刊>Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior >New perspectives from microdialysis studies in freely-moving, spontaneously hypertensive rats on the pharmacology of drugs for the treatment of ADHD.
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New perspectives from microdialysis studies in freely-moving, spontaneously hypertensive rats on the pharmacology of drugs for the treatment of ADHD.

机译:自由移动的自发性高血压大鼠的微透析研究对治疗ADHD的药物药理学的新观点。

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood psychiatric condition that is effectively treated by catecholaminergic drugs with a variety of different mechanisms and the SH rat is frequently used as a model of this disorder. In vivo microdialysis in freely-moving rats has been employed extensively to provide a better understanding of the pharmacodynamics of drugs at their sites of action. In this review, these three topics are brought together to explore the contribution of in vivo microdialysis studies in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats to our understanding of the neurochemical deficits in this rat strain and the actions of ADHD drugs on catecholaminergic function in the prefrontocortex (PFC), striatum and nucleus accumbens. What is revealed is that basal efflux of norepinephrine in the PFC is attenuated, whilst striatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic neurotransmission is hyperfunctional; the latter observation fits closely with the hyperactive phenotype of the SH rat. Furthermore, experiments performed with the enantiomers of amphetamine and threo-methylphenidate demonstrate that pharmacodynamic effects of drugs reported from experiments in outbred rat strains, e.g. Sprague-Dawleys, do not necessarily translate to the SH rat. When the findings are compared with the clinical efficacy of drugs used in treating ADHD, they indicate that the most efficacious drugs powerfully increase both norepinephrinergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission.
机译:注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是儿童期常见的精神疾病,可通过儿茶酚胺能药物以多种不同机制有效治疗,而SH大鼠常被用作该疾病的模型。自由移动大鼠体内的微透析已被广泛采用,以更好地理解药物在其作用部位的药效。在这篇综述中,这三个主题共同探讨了自发性高血压(SH)大鼠体内微透析研究对我们理解该大鼠品系中神经化学缺陷以及ADHD药物对前额叶皮质儿茶酚胺能功能的作用的贡献( PFC),纹状体和伏隔核。结果表明,PFC中去甲肾上腺素的基础外排减弱,而纹状体和中脑边缘多巴胺能神经传递功能亢进。后者的观察结果与SH大鼠的过度活跃表型非常吻合。此外,用苯丙胺和苏氨酸-哌醋甲酯的对映异构体进行的实验表明,从实验中报道的药物在远距离大鼠品系中的药理作用是有效的。 Sprague-Dawleys,不一定转化为SH大鼠。当将这些发现与用于治疗多动症的药物的临床疗效进行比较时,它们表明,最有效的药物可强有力地增加去甲肾上腺素能和多巴胺能神经传递。

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