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首页> 外文期刊>Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior >Weakening of negative relative to positive associations with cocaine-paired cues contributes to cue-induced responding after drug removal
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Weakening of negative relative to positive associations with cocaine-paired cues contributes to cue-induced responding after drug removal

机译：与可卡因配对的线索相关的消极关系相对于正向联系的减弱有助于药物去除后线索诱发的反应

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Cocaine has been shown to have initial positive (euphoric) and delayed negative (anxiogenic) effects in both humans and animals. Cocaine-paired cues are consequently imbued with mixed positive and negative associations. The current study examines the relative roles of these dual associations in the enhanced drug-seeking observed upon presentation of cocaine-paired cues. Rats ran a straight alley once/day for a single i.v. injection of cocaine (1.0 mg/kg/inj) in the presence of a distinctive olfactory cue (scented cotton swabs placed under the apparatus). An alternate scent was presented in a separate cage 2-h prior to runway testing. After 15 trials/days, the scents and cocaine reinforcer were removed and a series of extinction trials (lasting for 1 or 3 weeks) was initiated. Immediately following extinction, runway responding was tested during a single trial in the presence of the cocaine-paired or non-paired cue. As previously reported, while subjects initiated responding faster over trials (reduced latencies to leave the start box), they exhibited a progressive increase in approach-avoidance conflict behavior ("retreats") regarding goal-box entry, reflecting cocaine's dual positive + negative effects. Once established, retreat behaviors persisted over the course of 1 or 3 weeks days of extinction. However, both run times and retreats decreased in response to presentation of the cocaine-paired but not the non-paired scent. These data suggest that, after reinforcer removal, cue-induced cocaine-seeking stems in part from a reduction in approach-avoidance conflict; i.e., a greater weakening of the negative relative to the positive associations that animals form with cocaine-paired stimuli.
机译：可卡因已被证明对人类和动物均具有初始的正向（欣快）和延迟的负向（焦虑）作用。因此，可卡因配对的线索充满了积极和消极的联想。本研究检查了可卡因配对提示后观察到的这些双重关联在增强药物寻找中的相对作用。老鼠每天一次在一条直道上跑​​一条小路。在明显的嗅觉提示下将可卡因（1.0 mg / kg / inj）注射入装置中（在装置下放有香味的棉签）。在进行跑道测试之前2小时，另一种气味出现在单独的笼子中。在每天进行15次试验后，去除了香精和可卡因强化剂，并开始了一系列的灭绝试验（持续1或3周）。灭绝后立即在可卡因配对或未配对提示存在的单个试验中测试跑道反应。如先前报道，尽管受试者开始比试验更快地做出反应（减少了离开起始框的潜伏期），但他们表现出与进入目标框有关的避免接触冲突行为（“隐退”）逐渐增加，反映了可卡因的双重正面和负面影响。一旦建立，退缩行为将在灭绝的1或3周内持续。但是，由于可卡因配对的香气而不是非配对的香气的出现，跑步时间和静修时间都减少了。这些数据表明，在去除补强剂后，线索诱导的可卡因寻求部分原因是避免进近避免冲突。即，与可卡因配对的刺激所形成的阳性关联相比，阴性的减弱更大。

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