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首页> 外文期刊>Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior >Testosterone modulation of anxiety in gonadally-suppressed male rhesus monkeys: a role for gonadotropins?
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Testosterone modulation of anxiety in gonadally-suppressed male rhesus monkeys: a role for gonadotropins?

机译：睾丸激素调节性腺抑制的雄性恒河猴的焦虑：促性腺激素的作用？

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摘要

Testosterone (T) has repeatedly been shown to have anxiolytic properties in rodents, but findings in primates are more mixed. To examine the effects of exogenous T on anxiety, we tested pharmacologically-castrated adult male rhesus monkeys in a modified version of the Human Intruder Paradigm, which measured defensive responses to an unfamiliar human staring directly at them for 2 min. Monkeys were tested at 2 week intervals during 4 experimental conditions lasting 4 weeks each: at baseline, during treatment with the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist leuprolide acetate (200 μg/kg; Lupron phase), during treatment with Lupron+T enanthate (TE, 5 mg/kg; TE phase) and during treatment with Lupron+oil vehicle (oil phase). We found that the number of anxious behaviors was lower during periods of low T (Lupron only and Lupron+oil phases) than during the Lupron+TE phase. No change in pacing or watching behavior was observed. Thus, in contrast to rodent data, we found no evidence for anxiolytic properties of T in male rhesus monkeys. Rather, T supplementation restored baseline levels of anxiety in Lupron-treated monkeys. These discrepant findings may be best explained by the low levels of gonadotropins achieved by the GnRH agonist. We suggest that Lupron-induced luteinizing hormone (LH) suppression reduced anxiety and that this effect was abolished by T administration. This interpretation is consistent with the view that T increases emotional reactivity to a potential threat and facilitates adaptive arousal response in face of immediate social challenge.
机译：睾丸激素（T）反复被证明具有啮齿动物的抗焦虑特性，但在灵长类动物中的发现则更为复杂。为了检查外源性T对焦虑的影响，我们在改良版的Human Intruder Paradigm中测试了药理学成年的雄性恒河猴，该猴子测量了对陌生人的盯防，直视他们2分钟。在每种持续4周的4种实验条件下，以2周的间隔对猴子进行测试：在基线，用促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）激动剂醋酸亮丙瑞林（200μg/ kg; Lupron相）治疗期间，在用Lupron + T庚酸酯治疗期间（ TE，5 mg / kg; TE相）和用Lupron +油溶媒处理时（油相）。我们发现，在低T期间（仅Lupron和Lupron +油相），焦虑行为的数量少于Lupron + TE阶段。没有观察到起搏或观看行为的变化。因此，与啮齿动物数据相反，我们没有发现雄性恒河猴中T的抗焦虑特性的证据。相反，补充T可恢复接受Lupron治疗的猴子的基线焦虑水平。 GnRH激动剂的促性腺激素水平低，可以最好地解释这些差异性发现。我们建议Lupron诱导的促黄体生成激素（LH）抑制作用减少了焦虑，并且通过施用T消除了这种作用。这种解释与以下观点一致：T增强了对潜在威胁的情绪反应，并在面对直接社会挑战时促进了适应性唤醒反应。

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