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首页> 外文期刊>Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior >Differential cognitive effects of energy drink ingredients: Caffeine, taurine, and glucose
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Differential cognitive effects of energy drink ingredients: Caffeine, taurine, and glucose

机译：能量饮料成分的差异性认知作用：咖啡因，牛磺酸和葡萄糖

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Energy drinks containing caffeine, taurine, and glucose may improve mood and cognitive performance. However, there are no studies assessing the individual and interactive effects of these ingredients. We evaluated the effects of caffeine, taurine, and glucose alone and in combination on cognitive performance and mood in 24-hour caffeine-abstained habitual caffeine consumers. Using a randomized, double-blind, mixed design, 48 habitual caffeine consumers (18 male, 30 female) who were 24-hour caffeine deprived received one of four treatments (200 mg caffeine/0 mg taurine, 0 mg caffeine/2000 mg taurine, 200 mg caffeine/2000 mg taurine, 0 mg caffeine/0 mg taurine), on each of four separate days, separated by a 3-day wash-out period. Between-participants treatment was a glucose drink (50 g glucose, placebo). Salivary cortisol, mood and heart rate were measured. An attention task was administered 30-minutes post-treatment, followed by a working memory and reaction time task 60-minutes post-treatment. Caffeine enhanced executive control and working memory, and reduced simple and choice reaction time. Taurine increased choice reaction time but reduced reaction time in the working memory tasks. Glucose alone slowed choice reaction time. Glucose in combination with caffeine, enhanced object working memory and in combination with taurine, enhanced orienting attention. Limited glucose effects may reflect low task difficulty relative to subjects' cognitive ability. Caffeine reduced feelings of fatigue and increased tension and vigor. Taurine reversed the effects of caffeine on vigor and caffeine-withdrawal symptoms. No effects were found for salivary cortisol or heart rate. Caffeine, not taurine or glucose, is likely responsible for reported changes in cognitive performance following consumption of energy drinks, especially in caffeine-withdrawn habitual caffeine consumers.
机译：含咖啡因，牛磺酸和葡萄糖的能量饮料可以改善情绪和认知能力。但是，没有研究评估这些成分的个体作用和交互作用。我们评估了咖啡因，牛磺酸和葡萄糖单独使用以及联合使用对24小时不喝咖啡因的习惯性咖啡因消费者的认知能力和情绪的影响。采用随机，双盲，混合设计，剥夺24小时咖啡因的48位习惯性咖啡因消费者（18位男性，30位女性）接受了四种治疗方法之一（200 mg咖啡因/ 0 mg牛磺酸，0 mg咖啡因/ 2000 mg牛磺酸） （分别为200 mg咖啡因/ 2000 mg牛磺酸，0 mg咖啡因/ 0 mg牛磺酸），间隔4天，分别间隔3天。参与者之间的治疗是葡萄糖饮料（50 g葡萄糖，安慰剂）。测量唾液皮质醇，情绪和心率。在治疗后30分钟进行注意力测试，然后在治疗后60分钟进行工作记忆和反应时间任务。咖啡因增强了执行控制和工作记忆，并减少了简单和选择反应时间。牛磺酸增加了选择反应时间，但减少了工作记忆任务中的反应时间。单独葡萄糖会减慢选择反应的时间。葡萄糖与咖啡因的结合，增强了对象的工作记忆，与牛磺酸结合，增强了定向注意力。有限的葡萄糖作用可能反映出相对于受试者的认知能力而言较低的任务难度。咖啡因可减少疲劳感，并增加紧张和活力。牛磺酸逆转了咖啡因对活力和咖啡因戒断症状的影响。没有发现唾液皮质醇或心率的影响。咖啡因，而不是牛磺酸或葡萄糖，可能是导致饮用能量饮料后认知能力发生变化的原因，尤其是在咖啡因戒断的习惯性咖啡因消费者中。

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