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首页> 外文期刊>Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior >Caffeine increases psychomotor performance on the effort expenditure for rewards task
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Caffeine increases psychomotor performance on the effort expenditure for rewards task

机译：咖啡因可增加奖励任务的精力支出上的精神运动表现

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Preclinical studies suggest that cost/benefit decision-making involves interactions between adenosine and dopamine (DA). In rats, DA depletion decreases willingness to incur effort costs, while adenosine antagonism reverses these effects, likely by increasing DA transmission. Caffeine is a non-selective adenosine antagonist commonly used to facilitate effortful tasks, and thus may affect decisions involving effort costs in humans. The current study examined acute effects of 200 mg of caffeine on willingness to exert effort for monetary rewards at varying levels of reward value and reward probability, in young adult light caffeine users. Based on previous findings with amphetamine, we predicted that caffeine would increase willingness to exert effort. At separate sessions, 23 healthy normal adults received placebo or 200 mg caffeine under counterbalanced double-blind conditions, then completed the effort expenditure for rewards task (EEfRT). Measures of subjective and cardiovascular effects were obtained at regular intervals. Caffeine produced small but significant subjective and cardiovascular effects, and sped psychomotor performance on the EEfRT. Caffeine did not alter willingness to exert effort, except in high cardiovascular responders to caffeine, in whom it decreased willingness to exert effort. These results were contrary to our predictions, but consistent with rodent studies suggesting that moderate doses of caffeine alone do not affect effort, but rather only influence effort in the context of DA antagonism. Our results demonstrate that psychomotor speeding and decisional effects on the EEfRT are dissociable, providing additional evidence for the EEfRT as a specific measure of effort-based decision-making. This study provides a starting point for exploring contributions of the adenosine system to motivation in humans.
机译：临床前研究表明，成本/收益决策涉及腺苷和多巴胺（DA）之间的相互作用。在大鼠中，DA耗竭降低了增加努力成本的意愿，而腺苷拮抗作用则可能通过增加DA的传递而逆转了这些作用。咖啡因是一种非选择性腺苷拮抗剂，通常用于促进艰苦的工作，因此可能会影响涉及人类工作成本的决策。当前的研究检查了200毫克咖啡因对年轻成年轻度咖啡因使用者不同程度的奖励价值和奖励概率付出金钱奖励的意愿的急性影响。根据苯丙胺的先前发现，我们预测咖啡因会增加努力的意愿。在独立的会议上，在平衡的双盲条件下，有23名健康的正常成年人接受了安慰剂或200 mg咖啡因，然后完成了奖励任务（EEfRT）的努力支出。定期获得主观和心血管效应的测量值。咖啡因可产生较小但明显的主观和心血管作用，并加快EEfRT的精神运动表现。咖啡因不会改变努力的意愿，除了对咖啡因有较高心血管反应的人，咖啡因会降低努力的意愿。这些结果与我们的预测相反，但与啮齿动物研究一致，即仅适量的咖啡因不会影响努力，而只会在DA拮抗的情况下影响努力。我们的结果表明，心理运动速度和对EEfRT的决策影响是不可分割的，这为EEfRT作为基于努力的决策的一种特定措施提供了更多证据。这项研究为探索腺苷系统对人类动机的贡献提供了起点。

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