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首页> 外文期刊>Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior >Food craving and food 'addiction': a critical review of the evidence from a biopsychosocial perspective.
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Food craving and food 'addiction': a critical review of the evidence from a biopsychosocial perspective.

机译：对食物的渴望和对食物的“成瘾”：从生物心理社会的角度对证据进行严格的审查。

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摘要

Although certain commonalities exist between eating and drug use (mood effects, external cue-control of appetites, reinforcement, etc. ), it is argued that the vast majority of cases of (self-reported) food craving and food "addiction" should not be viewed as addictive behavior. An explanation is proposed that instead gives a prominent role to the psychological processes of ambivalence and attribution, operating together with normal mechanisms of appetite control, the hedonic effects of certain foods, and socially and culturally determined perceptions of appropriate intakes and uses of those foods. Ambivalence (e.g., "nice but naughty") about foods such as chocolate arises from the attitude that it is highly palatable but should be eaten with restraint. Attempts to restrict intake, however, cause the desire for chocolate to become more salient, an experience that is then labelled as a craving. This, together with a need to provide a reason for why resisting eating chocolate is difficult and sometimes fails, can, in turn, lead the individual to an explanation in terms of addiction (e.g., "chocoholism"). Moreishness ("causing a desire for more") occurs during, rather than preceding, an eating episode, and is experienced when the eater attempts to limit consumption before appetite for the food has been sated.
机译：尽管进食和吸毒之间存在某些共性（情绪影响，食欲的外部提示控制，强化等），但有人认为绝大多数（自我报告）对食物的渴望和对食物的“成瘾”情况不应被视为成瘾行为。提出了一种解释，该解释相反地在矛盾和归因的心理过程中发挥了重要作用，与正常的食欲控制机制，某些食物的享乐效应以及社会和文化决定的对适当摄入和使用这些食物的观念一起起作用。关于巧克力之类的食物的矛盾情绪（例如，“好而顽皮”）源于其高度可口但应克制饮食的态度。然而，限制摄入量的尝试导致人们对巧克力的需求变得更加突出，这种经历被称为渴望。这连同提供为什么难以抗拒巧克力并且有时失败的理由的需求，反过来可以使个体对成瘾（例如，“巧克力中毒”）进行解释。进食期间（而不是在进食之前）会出现食欲不振（“引起更多需求”），当食客在饱足食欲之前试图限制进食时会感觉到虚胖。

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