...
  • 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society. Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences >The ocean’s role in polar climate change: asymmetric Arctic and Antarctic responses to greenhouse gas and ozone forcing
【24h】

The ocean’s role in polar climate change: asymmetric Arctic and Antarctic responses to greenhouse gas and ozone forcing

机译：海洋在极地气候变化中的作用：北极和南极对温室气体和臭氧强迫的不对称反应

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

In recent decades, the Arctic has been warming and sea ice disappearing. By contrast, the Southern Ocean around Antarctica has been (mainly) cooling and sea-ice extent growing. We argue here that interhemispheric asymmetries in the mean ocean circulation, with sinking in the northern North Atlantic and upwelling around Antarctica, strongly influence the sea-surface temperature (SST) response to anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing, accelerating warming in the Arctic while delaying it in the Antarctic. Furthermore, while the amplitude of GHG forcing has been similar at the poles, significant ozone depletion only occurs over Antarctica. We suggest that the initial response of SST around Antarctica to ozone depletion is one of cooling and only later adds to the GHG-induced warming trend as upwelling of sub-surface warm water associated with stronger surface westerlies impacts surface properties. We organize our discussion around ‘climate response functions’ (CRFs), i.e. the response of the climate to ‘step’ changes in anthropogenic forcing in which GHG and/or ozone-hole forcing is abruptly turned on and the transient response of the climate revealed and studied. Convolutions of known or postulated GHG and ozone-hole forcing functions with their respective CRFs then yield the transient forced SST response (implied by linear response theory), providing a context for discussion of the differing warming/cooling trends in the Arctic and Antarctic. We speculate that the period through which we are now passing may be one in which the delayed warming of SST associated with GHG forcing around Antarctica is largely cancelled by the cooling effects associated with the ozone hole. By mid-century, however, ozone-hole effects may instead be adding to GHG warming around Antarctica but with diminished amplitude as the ozone hole heals. The Arctic, meanwhile, responding to GHG forcing but in a manner amplified by ocean heat transport, may continue to warm at an accelerating rate
机译：近几十年来，北极一直在变暖，海冰正在消失。相比之下，南极洲周围的南大洋（主要）一直在冷却，海冰范围不断扩大。我们在这里论证，平均海洋环流的半球不对称性，下沉在北大西洋的北部和南极周围的上升流，强烈影响着海面温度（SST）对人为温室气体（GHG）强迫的响应，从而加速了北极的升温。在南极推迟。此外，尽管两极的温室气体强迫幅度相似，但仅南极洲发生了显着的臭氧消耗。我们认为，南极周围海温对臭氧层消耗的初始响应是降温的反应之一，直到后来才增加了温室气体引起的变暖趋势，因为与更强的表面西风相关的地下热水上升会影响表面性质。我们围绕“气候响应函数”（CRF）组织讨论，即气候对人为强迫的“阶跃”变化的响应，其中温室气体和/或臭氧-空洞强迫突然打开，并且揭示了气候的瞬时响应并研究了。然后，已知的或假定的温室气体和臭氧强迫函数与它们各自的CRF的卷积会产生瞬态强迫SST响应（由线性响应理论暗示），为讨论北极和南极不同的变暖/变冷趋势提供了背景。我们推测，现在所经历的时期可能是与南极洲周围的温室气体强迫相关的SST的延迟升温在很大程度上被与臭氧空洞相关的冷却作用所抵消。然而，到本世纪中叶，臭氧空洞效应可能反而增加了南极洲周围温室气体的排放，但是随着臭氧空洞的愈合，振幅减小了。同时，北极对温室气体的强迫做出了反应，但以海洋热量传递的方式加剧了，可能会继续以加速的速度变暖。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号