PhytoBeta imager: A positron imager for plant biology

WeisenbergerA.G.; KrossB.; LeeS.; McKissonJ.; McKissonJ.E.; XiW.; ZornC.; ReidC.D.; HowellC.R.; CrowellA.S.; CumberbatchL.; FallinB.; StolinA.; SmithM.F.

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PhytoBeta imager: A positron imager for plant biology

机译：PhytoBeta成像仪：用于植物生物学的正电子成像仪

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Several positron emitting radioisotopes such as 11C and 13N can be used in plant biology research. The 11CO 2tracer is used to facilitate plant biology research toward optimization of plant productivity, biofuel development and carbon sequestration in biomass. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has been used to study carbon transport in live plants using 11CO 2. Because plants typically have very thin leaves, little medium is present for the emitted positrons to undergo an annihilation event. The emitted positrons from 11C (maximum energy 960keV) could require up to approximately 4mm of water equivalent material for positron annihilation. Thus many of the positrons do not annihilate inside the leaf, resulting in limited sensitivity for PET imaging. To address this problem we have developed a compact beta-positive, beta-minus particle imager (PhytoBeta imager) for 11CO 2leaf imaging. The detector is based on a Hamamatsu H8500 position sensitive photomultiplier tube optically coupled via optical grease to a 0.5mm thick Eljen EJ-212 plastic scintillator. The detector is equipped with a flexible arm to allow its placement and orientation over or under the leaf to be studied while maintaining the leaf's original orientation. To test the utility of the system the detector was used to measure carbon translocation in a leaf of the spicebush (Lindera benzoin) under two transient light conditions.

机译：几种发射正电子的放射性同位素（例如11C和13N）可用于植物生物学研究。 11CO 2示踪剂用于促进植物生物学研究，以优化植物生产力，生物燃料开发和生物质中的碳固存。正电子发射断层扫描（PET）成像已被用于研究使用11CO 2在活植物中的碳迁移。由于植物的叶子通常很薄，因此几乎没有介质可用于正电子emission灭。从11C发出的正电子（最大能量960keV）可能需要多达约4mm的水当量材料用于正电子an灭。因此，许多正电子不会在叶片内部消失，导致PET成像的灵敏度有限。为了解决这个问题，我们开发了用于11CO 2叶片成像的紧凑型beta阳性，beta负颗粒成像器（PhytoBeta成像器）。该探测器基于Hamamatsu H8500位置敏感光电倍增管，该光电倍增管通过光学油脂与0.5mm厚的Eljen EJ-212塑料闪烁体光学耦合。探测器配备有柔性臂，可在保持叶片的原始方向的同时，使其在待研究叶片上方或下方的放置和方向。为了测试该系统的实用性，该检测器用于在两个瞬态光照条件下测量香料布什（林德安息香）叶中的碳转运。

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《Physics in medicine and biology.》 |2012年第13期|共16页
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WeisenbergerA.G.; KrossB.; LeeS.; McKissonJ.; McKissonJ.E.; XiW.; ZornC.; ReidC.D.; HowellC.R.; CrowellA.S.; CumberbatchL.; FallinB.; StolinA.; SmithM.F.;
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1. PhytoBeta imager: A positron imager for plant biology [J] . WeisenbergerA.G., KrossB., LeeS., Physics in medicine and biology. . 2012,第13期

机译：PhytoBeta成像仪：用于植物生物学的正电子成像仪
2. Imaging of transplanted islets by positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonography [J] . SakataN., YoshimatsuG., TsuchiyaH., Islets . 2013,第5期

机译：通过正电子发射断层扫描，磁共振成像和超声检查对移植的胰岛进行成像
3. Positron emission tomography imaging of cancer biology: current status and future prospects. [J] . Chen K, Chen X Seminars in Oncology . 2011,第1期

机译：正电子发射断层成像术对癌症生物学的成像：现状和未来前景。
4. PHYTOPET, PHYTOBETA AND PHYTOSPECT: RADIOISOTOPE IMAGING SYSTEMS BEING DEVELOPED FOR PLANT BIOLOGY RESEARCH [C] . Andrew Weisenberger 8th International Conference on Isotopes 2014 . 2014

机译：PHYPETPET，PHYTOBETA和PHYTOSPECT：正在开发用于植物生物学研究的放射性同位素成像系统
5. Quantitative image reconstruction of positron emission tomographic images. [D] . Bai, Bing. 2004

机译：正电子发射断层图像的定量图像重建。
6. Imaging of transplanted islets by positron emission tomography magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography [O] . Naoaki Sakata, Gumpei Yoshimatsu, Haruyuki Tsuchiya, 2013

机译：通过正电子发射断层扫描磁共振成像和超声检查对移植的胰岛进行成像
7. MODERATED EPOSTERS1385Longitudinal strain assessment in dilated cardiomyopathy patients using a novel accelerated DENSE sequence1407Simultaneous T1 and T2 cardiac quantification with CABIRIA: initial clinical experience1423Head-to-head comparison of acceleration algorithms in 4-dimensional flow CMR1502Left ventricular function and size evaluated by hybrid cardiac positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance: Intraindividual comparison of left ventricular ejection fraction and ventricular volumes derived by two modalities1510Left Atrium assessed by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance at 1.5 and 3 Tesla – age and gender effects1514Comparison of Free Breathing Cardiac MRI Radial technique to the Standard Multi breath-hold cine SSFP CMR technique for the assessment of LV Volumes and Function1536Self-navigated free-breathing isotropic 3D whole heart phase sensitive inversion recovery magnetic resonance without navigator for detection of myocardial infarction1547Assessment of Right Ventricular Strain Using Myocardial Deformation Recovery Semi Automated Technique: Initial Experience and Normal Values1586Tissue tracking myocardial deformation analysis and prediction of left ventricular remodeling in acute myocardial infarction1589Investigating strategies for optimal 31P MRS clinical cardiac at 3T: Initial Results1620Quantitative Criteria for the Diagnosis of the Congenital Absence of Pericardium by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance1632Widespread tissue injury during acute myocardial infarction: evidence from advanced CMR relaxometry1322Computed tomography coronary angiography verSus sTRess cArdiac magneTic rEsonance for the manaGement of sYmptomatic revascularized patients: a cost effectiveness study (STRATEGY study)1339Comparison of low- versus high-dose of gadobutrol for late gadolinium enhancement imaging at 1.5 Tesla: a clinical feasibility study1347Multi-parametric Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for Prediction of Cardiac Complications in Thalassemia Intermedia: a Prospective Multicenter Study1461Prognostic value of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance derived indexes of myocardial fibrosis in heart transplant recipients1523The role of CMR in the acute phase of hospitalization: changing paradigms1542Preoperative CMR-based score predict ventricular response after surgical left ventricular reconstruction in ischemic heart failure patients1555Excellent response rate to cardiac resynchronization therapy guided with magnetic resonance imaging1626The ECG as a predictor of arrhythmogenic substrate on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in patients undergoing ablation for premature ventricular contractions1649Comparison of T1-mapping at 3.0T CMR and angiographic APPROACH score for area at risk assessment in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction1340Pathological correlates of left bundle branch disease in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study1342Myocardial remodelling and fibrosis in nonischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy: insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance1411The association between fibrosis and contractile dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance1622Persistent myocardial inflammation due to intramyocardial haemorrhage in reperfused STEMI as a precursor to adverse LV remodelling - insights from multi-parametric mapping1566Semiquantitative analysis of low and high b value DWI for detecting myocardial edema in acute myocarditis1567Value of Cardiac MRI In Detecting Coronary Artery Disease In Newly Diagnosed Systolic Dysfunction1570Usefulness of cardiac magnetic resonance in tuberous sclerosis complex1578Papillary muscles offer further insight into hypertrophied hearts: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study1627Diagnostic and clinical implications of CMR timing (early versus late) in patients with troponin positive acute coronary syndromes and unobstructed coronary arteries: Table 1. [O] . Upasana Tayal, Alexandros Kallifatidis, P. Garg, 2016

机译：在使用新的扩张型心肌病的患者缓和EPOSTERS1385Longitudinal应变评估加速DENSE sequence1407Simultaneous T1和T2与CABIRIA心脏定量：在4维流动的加速算法初始临床experience1423Head对头比较CMR1502Left心室功能和尺寸由混合心脏正电子发射断层摄影术评价 - 磁性共振：由两个modalities1510Left庭派生左室射血分数和心室体积的个体间的比较，在1.5和3特斯拉评估心血管磁共振 - 免费的年龄和性别effects1514Comparison呼吸心脏MRI径向技术标准的多屏气电影SSFP CMR技术的LV卷和Function1536Self-导航自由呼吸各向同性3D整个心脏相位敏感反转恢复磁共振导航仪没有检测右Ventricu心肌infarction1547Assessment的评估拉尔菌株使用心肌变形恢复半自动技术：初步经验和正常Values1586Tissue跟踪心肌变形分析和预测左室重构急性心肌infarction1589Investigating策略优化31P MRS临床心脏在3T：初始Results1620Quantitative标准的先天缺失的诊断心包心脏磁Resonance1632Widespread组织损伤急性心肌梗死时：证据先进CMR relaxometry1322Computed CT冠状动脉成像与压力心脏磁共振对症的管理吻合血管患者：成本效益研究（战略研究）1339Comparison低与高剂量钆布醇在1.5特斯拉晚钆增强成像的临床可行性，在中间型地贫心脏并发症的预测study1347Multi参数心脏核磁共振的前瞻性德穆尔心血管磁共振的ticenter Study1461Prognostic价值衍生心肌纤维化指标在住院的急性期CMR的心脏移植recipients1523The作用：改变基于CMR-paradigms1542Preoperative比分预测缺血性心脏衰竭patients1555Excellent响应速度外科左心室重建心脏再同步化后心室反应治疗与磁共振imaging1626The ECG导引作为心脏磁共振成像致心律失常性基板的在ST段抬高心肌infarction1340Pathological在风险评估经历在3.0T CMR T1映射的室性早搏contractions1649Comparison和血管造影APPROACH分数区域消融患者的预测左束支传导疾病的患者与非缺血性心肌病相关因素：心血管磁共振study1342Myocardial重塑和纤维化nonischaemic扩张型心肌病：在从在由心血管磁性resonance1622Persistent心肌炎症评估肥厚型心肌病的纤维化和收缩功能障碍之间心血管磁性resonance1411The协会由于心肌内出血景点在再灌注STEMI为先导，以不利的LV重塑 - 从低的多参数mapping1566Semiquantitative分析和高的b值DWI的见解为在心脏MRI检测冠状动脉疾病急性myocarditis1567Value在结节性硬化症complex1578Papillary肌肉初诊收缩期Dysfunction1570Usefulness心脏磁共振检测心肌水肿提供进一步的深入了解肥大心脏：心血管磁共振study1627Diagnostic和CMR定时的临床意义（早期与晚）患者肌钙蛋白阳性的急性冠脉综合征和通畅的冠状动脉：表1。

PhytoBeta imager: A positron imager for plant biology

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