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首页> 外文期刊>Physics in medicine and biology. >Investigation of gold nanoparticle radiosensitization mechanisms using a free radical scavenger and protons of different energies
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Investigation of gold nanoparticle radiosensitization mechanisms using a free radical scavenger and protons of different energies

机译：使用自由基清除剂和不同能量的质子研究金纳米粒子的放射增敏机理

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Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been shown to sensitize cancer cells to x-ray radiation, particularly at kV energies where photoelectric interactions dominate and the high atomic number of gold makes a large difference to x-ray absorption. Protons have a high cross-section for gold at a large range of relevant clinical energies, and so potentially could be used with GNPs for increased therapeutic effect. Here, we investigate the contribution of secondary electron emission to cancer cell radiosensitization and investigate how this parameter is affected by proton energy and a free radical scavenger. We simulate the emission from a realistic cell phantom containing GNPs after traversal by protons and x-rays with different energies. We find that with a range of proton energies (1-250 MeV) there is a small increase in secondaries compared to a much larger increase with x-rays. Secondary electrons are known to produce toxic free radicals. Using a cancer cell line in vitro we find that a free radical scavenger has no protective effect on cells containing GNPs irradiated with 3 MeV protons, while it does protect against cells irradiated with x-rays. We conclude that GNP generated free radicals are a major cause of radiosensitization and that there is likely to be much less dose enhancement effect with clinical proton beams compared to x-rays.
机译：已显示金纳米颗粒（GNP）使癌细胞对X射线辐射敏感，特别是在kV能量下，其中光电相互作用占主导，并且金的高原子序数对X射线吸收有很大影响。质子在大范围的相关临床能量中具有高的金横截面，因此可能与GNP结合使用以提高治疗效果。在这里，我们研究了二次电子发射对癌细胞放射增敏作用的贡献，并研究了该参数如何受到质子能量和自由基清除剂的影响。我们通过质子和具有不同能量的X射线遍历后，模拟了包含GNP的真实细胞模型的发射。我们发现，在一定范围的质子能量（1-250 MeV）下，与X射线相比，二次电荷的增加很小。已知二次电子会产生有毒的自由基。使用体外癌细胞系，我们发现自由基清除剂对含有被3 MeV质子辐照的GNP的细胞没有保护作用，而确实可以抵抗X射线辐照的细胞。我们得出的结论是，GNP产生的自由基是放射增敏作用的主要原因，并且与X射线相比，临床质子束的剂量增强作用可能要小得多。

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