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首页> 外文期刊>Pesticide Research Journal >Impact of Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM) Strategy on Insecticide Use Pattern during Different Growth Stages of Irrigated Cotton in Punjab
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Impact of Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM) Strategy on Insecticide Use Pattern during Different Growth Stages of Irrigated Cotton in Punjab

机译：旁遮普邦不同灌溉时期杀虫剂抗性管理策略对杀虫剂使用方式的影响

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The Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM) strategy was devised and followed at farmers' fields in 20 villages each in Bathinda, Mansa and Ferozepur districts of Punjab during 2004 and 2005 on cotton crop. Various resistance management strategies were disseminated to the farmers throughout the crop season. Its impact was studied on the pattern of use and reduction in insecticidal applications in IRM villages compared to non-IRM ones. The whole crop season was divided into 4 window period. In window I, endosulfan was used as first spray in IRM villages in both the years as it is safe to natural enemies while farmers in non-IRM villages used other insecticides also in addition to it. In window II, chloronicotinyls such as imidacloprid, acetamiprid and thiamethoxam were mainly used against sucking pests. Triazophos/ethion, carbaryl/thiodicarb were used for the control of whitefly, American bollworm and tobacco caterpillar while synthetic pyrethroids were used against spotted bollworms. Farmers showed more preference for spinosad/indoxacarb for the control of American bollworm. No insecticidal mixtures were used in IRM villages in both the years but in non-IRM. The total number of applications remained lower in IRM than non-IRM villages. In window III, the use of chloronicotinyls, organophosphates and synthetic pyrethroids declined. However, the use of spinosad/ indoxacarb showed an increasing trend. Applications of mixtures were reported only in non-IRM villages. The total number of applications remained lower in IRM than non-IRM villages. In window IV, endosulfan, imidacloprid/ thiamethoxam, triazophos/ethion, acephate/chlorpyriphos, spinosad/indoxacarb and emamectin benzoate were commonly used insecticides in IRM villages whereas in non-IRM villages other insecticides and mixtures were also used in addition to these. The pattern of insecticidal application showed maximum application of imidacloprid/ thiamethoxam followed by endosulfan, spinosad and acephate/chlorpyriphos. The implementation of IRM strategy resulted in 46.9 and 34.5% reduction in insecticidal applications in IRM villages over non-IRM ones in 2004 and 2005, respectively.
机译：在2004年至2005年间，在旁遮普邦的Bathinda，Mansa和Ferozepur区的20个村庄的农民田间，制定了抗药性管理策略，以棉花为农作物。在整个农作物季节，向农民分发了各种抗药性管理策略。与非IRM村相比，研究了其对IRM村使用和减少杀虫剂使用模式的影响。整个作物季节分为四个窗口期。在窗口I中，由于硫丹对天敌是安全的，因此两年来在IRM村庄中都使用硫丹作为第一剂喷雾剂，而非IRM村庄中的农民除此以外还使用了其他杀虫剂。在窗口II中，主要使用氯烟碱（如吡虫啉，扑热息痛和噻虫嗪）来防止吸吮害虫。三唑磷/乙硫磷，西维因/硫双威用于防治粉虱，美洲棉铃虫和烟草毛虫，而合成拟除虫菊酯用于防治斑点棉铃虫。农民对控制美国棉铃虫显示出对多杀菌素/茚虫威的更多偏爱。在这两年中，IRM村庄均未使用杀虫剂，但非IRM均未使用。 IRM的申请总数仍然低于非IRM村庄。在第三窗口中，减少了氯烟碱，有机磷酸酯和拟除虫菊酯的使用。但是，多杀菌素/茚虫威的使用呈增长趋势。仅在非IRM村庄报告了混合物的应用。 IRM的申请总数仍然低于非IRM村庄。在窗口IV中，IRM村通常使用硫丹，吡虫啉/噻虫嗪，三唑磷/乙硫磷，乙草胺/毒死pho，多杀菌素/茚虫威和苯甲酰氨联苯胺作为杀虫剂，而在非IRM村庄中除此以外还使用了其他杀虫剂和混合物。杀虫剂的施用方式显示吡虫啉/噻虫嗪的施用量最大，其次是硫丹，多杀菌素和乙酰乙酸/毒死chlor。 IRM战略的实施使2004年和2005年IRM村庄的杀虫剂施用量分别比非IRM村庄减少了46.9％和34.5％。

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