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首页> 外文期刊>Pharmacological research: The official journal of The Italian Pharmacological Society >Information sources in biomedical science and medical journalism: methodological approaches and assessment.
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Information sources in biomedical science and medical journalism: methodological approaches and assessment.

机译：生物医学和医学新闻中的信息来源：方法论方法和评估。

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摘要

Throughout the world the public is showing increasing interest in medical and scientific subjects and journalists largely spread this information, with an important impact on knowledge and health. Clearly, therefore, the relationship between the journalist and his sources is delicate: freedom and independence of information depend on the independence and truthfulness of the sources. The new "precision journalism" holds that scientific methods should be applied to journalism, so authoritative sources are a common need for journalists and scientists. We therefore compared the individual classifications and methods of assessing of sources in biomedical science and medical journalism to try to extrapolate scientific methods of evaluation to journalism. In journalism and science terms used to classify sources of information show some similarities, but their meanings are different. In science primary and secondary classes of information, for instance, refer to the levels of processing, but in journalism to the official nature of the source itself. Scientists and journalists must both always consult as many sources as possible and check their authoritativeness, reliability, completeness, up-to-dateness and balance. In journalism, however, there are some important differences and limits: too many sources can sometimes diminish the quality of the information. The sources serve a first filter between the event and the journalist, who is not providing the reader with the fact, but with its projection. Journalists have time constraints and lack the objective criteria for searching, the specific background knowledge, and the expertise to fully assess sources. To assist in understanding the wealth of sources of information in journalism, we have prepared a checklist of items and questions. There are at least four fundamental points that a good journalist, like any scientist, should know: how to find the latest information (the sources), how to assess it (the quality and authoritativeness), how to analyse and filter it (selection), how to deal with too many sources of information, sometimes case biased by conflicting interests (balance). The journalist must, in addition, know how to translate it to render it accessible and useful to the general public (dissemination), and how to use it best.
机译：全世界公众对医学和科学学科表现出越来越大的兴趣，新闻工作者在很大程度上传播了这些信息，对知识和健康产生了重要影响。因此，显然，记者与其消息来源之间的关系微妙：信息的自由和独立取决于消息来源的独立性和真实性。新的“精确新闻学”认为，科学方法应应用于新闻学，因此权威资源是新闻工作者和科学家的普遍需求。因此，我们比较了生物医学和医学新闻学中的个体分类和来源评估方法，以尝试将科学的评估方法外推到新闻学中。在新闻和科学中，用于对信息源进行分类的术语显示出一些相似之处，但是它们的含义不同。例如，在科学的主要和次要信息类别中，是指处理的级别，而在新闻业中，则是指来源本身的官方性质。科学家和新闻工作者都必须始终咨询尽可能多的资料来源，并检查其权威性，可靠性，完整性，最新性和平衡性。但是，在新闻业中，存在一些重要的区别和局限性：过多的来源有时会降低信息的质量。消息来源是事件与新闻发布者之间的第一个过滤器，新闻发布者不是向读者提供事实，而是提供其预测。记者有时间限制，缺乏搜索的客观标准，特定的背景知识以及全面评估消息来源的专业知识。为了帮助理解新闻中丰富的信息资源，我们准备了项目清单和问题清单。像任何科学家一样，一个好的新闻工作者应至少知道四个基本点：如何找到最新信息（来源），如何评估（质量和权威性），如何分析和过滤（选择） ，如何处理过多的信息来源，有时会因利益冲突（平衡）而导致案例偏向。此外，新闻工作者还必须知道如何翻译它，以使其对公众更容易获得和使用（传播），以及如何最好地使用它。

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