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Exact results for 'Bouncing' Gaussian wave packets

机译:“反弹”高斯波包的准确结果

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摘要

We consider time-dependent Gaussian wave packet solutions of the Schrodinger equation (with arbitrary initial central position, x(0), and momentum. p(0), for an otherwise free particle, but with an infinite wall at x = 0, so-called bouncing wave packets. We show how difference or mirror solutions of the form psi(x, t) - psi(-x, t) can, in this case, be normalized exactly, allowing for the evaluation of a number of time-dependent expectation values and other quantities in closed form. For example, we calculate (2)>(t) explicitly which illustrates how the free-particle kinetic (and hence total) energy is affected by the presence of the distant boundary. We also discuss the time dependence of the expectation values of position. (t), and momentum, (2)>(t), and their relation to the impulsive force during the 'collision' with the wall. Finally, the x(0), p(0) --> 0 limit is shown to reduce a special case of a non-standard free-particle Gaussian solution. The addition of this example to the literature then expands of the relatively small number of Gaussian solutions to quantum mechanical problems with familiar classical analogs (free particle. uniform acceleration, harmonic oscillator, unstable oscillator, and uniform magnetic field) available in closed form.
机译:我们考虑了薛定inger方程的时间相关高斯波包解(对于任意自由粒子,但在x = 0处具有无限壁,具有任意初始中心位置x(0)和动量p(0)),因此我们展示了如何在这种情况下精确归一化psi(x,t)-psi(-x,t)形式的差或镜像解,从而允许评估多个时间,依赖的期望值和其他封闭形式的量,例如,我们明确地计算(2)>(t),这说明了自由粒子动能(以及总能量)如何受到远处边界的影响。还讨论了位置期望值(t)和动量(2)>(t)的时间依赖性,以及它们与壁“碰撞”期间与冲力的关系。显示了x(0),p(0)-> 0极限,以减少非标准自由粒子高斯解决方案的特殊情况。文献随后扩展了相对较少数量的高斯解决方案,以解决熟悉的经典类似物(自由粒子。闭合形式有均匀加速度,谐波振荡器,不稳定振荡​​器和均匀磁场)。

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