Entanglement lies at the heart of quantum mechanics, and has sparked fierce debate between physicists over the years. The phenomenon, whereby two particles become inextricably linked without actually interacting with each other, certainly goes against intuition. For instance, two photons can be created in an experiment such that if one is polarized in the vertical direction, the other is always polarized horizontally. By measuring the polarization state of one entangled photon, we therefore immediately know the state of the other – no matter how far apart the photons are.
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