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首页> 外文期刊>Physica, A. Statistical mechanics and its applications >On the work-free energy relations in a driven isothermal system: A historical and stochastic perspective
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On the work-free energy relations in a driven isothermal system: A historical and stochastic perspective

机译：驱动等温系统中的无功能量关系：历史和随机角度

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Equality relationships, connecting the work performed in a non-equilibrium driven process of an isothermal system with the difference of equilibrium thermodynamic potentials, have been established by various authors since Jarzynski's work of 1997, mostly based on a classical phasespace description. Quantum considerations have been limited and stochastic derivations have been mainly ad hoc. However, such processes are better described by an ensemble in the a-space for fluctuating state (or mesoscopic) variables. Going back to the probabilistic results of Boltzmann and Einstein and employing a few basic properties of (generally non-stationary) Markov processes, these relationships follow almost naturally, providing the initial and final states are in contact with the heat bath. The essential point is that in the exponentiated work exp(- βW), the non-equilibrium entropy functions of both initial and final states cancel out. The results obtained are valid for any particle number N. We note that the connection with the microscopic quantum statistical evolution must be considered in order to proceed. In addition, some aspects of irreversibility are briefly being discussed.
机译：自1997年Jarzynski的工作以来，许多作者已经建立了等式关系，将等温系统的非平衡驱动过程中完成的工作与平衡热力学势的差异联系起来，这些关系主要基于经典的相空间描述。量子方面的考虑是有限的，随机推导主要是临时性的。但是，此类过程可以通过a空间中用于波动状态（或介观）变量的整体更好地描述。回到玻尔兹曼和爱因斯坦的概率结果，并利用（通常是非平稳的）马尔可夫过程的一些基本性质，只要初始状态和最终状态与热浴接触，这些关系就自然地遵循。重要的是，在指数功exp（-βW）中，初始状态和最终状态的非平衡熵函数都被抵消了。获得的结果对于任何粒子数N都是有效的。我们注意到，为了继续进行，必须考虑与微观量子统计演化的联系。另外，简要讨论了不可逆性的某些方面。

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