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Investigating liquid surfaces down to the nanometer scale using grazing incidence X-ray scattering

机译:使用掠入射X射线散射研究低至纳米级的液体表面

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Grazing incidence X-ray surface scattering has been used to investigate liquid surfaces down to the molecular scale. The free surface of water is well described by the capillary wave model ([z(q)z( - q)] proportional to q(-2) spectrum) up to wave vectors > 10(8) m(-1). At larger wave vectors near-surface acoustic waves must be taken into account. When the interface is bounded by a surfactant monolayer, it exhibits a bending stiffness and the bending rigidity modulus can be measured. However, bending effects generally cannot be described using the Helfrich Hamiltonian and the characteristic exponent in the roughness power spectrum can be smaller than 4. Finally, upon compression, tethered monolayers formed on a subphase containing divalent ions are shown to buckle in the third dimension with a characteristic wavelength on the order of 10(8) m(-1). (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. [References: 31]
机译:掠入射X射线表面散射已用于研究低至分子规模的液体表面。直至波矢量> 10(8)m(-1),毛细管波模型(与q(-2)光谱成比例的[z(q)z(-q)]很好地描述了水的自由表面。在较大的波矢量处,必须考虑近表面声波。当界面被表面活性剂单层限制时,其表现出弯曲刚度并且可以测量弯曲刚度模量。但是,通常无法使用Helfrich哈密顿量来描述弯曲效果,并且粗糙度功率谱中的特征指数可以小于4。最后,压缩后,在包含二价离子的子相上形成的束缚单分子层显示出在第三维弯曲特征波长约为10(8)m(-1)。 (C)1998 Elsevier Science B.V.保留所有权利。 [参考:31]

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