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Osteogenic Cells on Bio-Inspired Materials for Bone Tissue Engineering

机译：用于骨组织工程的生物启发性材料上的成骨细胞

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This article reviews the development of artificial bone substitutes from their older single-phase forms to novel multi-phase composites, mimicking the composition and architecture of natural bone tissue. The new generation of bone implants should be bioactive, i.e. they should induce the desired cellular responses, leading to integration of the material into the natural tissue and stimulating self-healing processes. Therefore, the first part of the review explains the common principles of the cell-material interaction and summarizes the strategies how to improve the biocompatibility and bioactivity of the materials by modifying the physico-chemical properties of the material surface, such as surface chemistry, wettability, electrical charge, rigidity, microroughness and especially nanoroughness. The latter has been shown to stimulate preferentially the growth of osteoblasts in comparison with other competitive cell types, such as fibroblasts, which could prevent fibrous tissue formation upon implantation. The second more specialized part of the review deals with materials suitable for bone contact and substitution, particularly novel polymer-based composites reinforced with fibres or inorganic particles and containing bioactive components, such as crystals of hydroxyapatite or other calcium phosphates, synthetic ligands for cell adhesion receptors or growth factors. Moreover, if they are degradable, they can be gradually replaced with a regenerating tissue.
机译：本文回顾了人造骨替代物从其较旧的单相形式到新颖的多相复合物的发展，模仿了天然骨组织的组成和结构。新一代的骨植入物应具有生物活性，即它们应诱导所需的细胞反应，从而将材料整合到天然组织中并刺激自我修复过程。因此，本综述的第一部分解释了细胞与材料相互作用的共同原理，并总结了如何通过改变材料表面的物理化学特性（例如表面化学，润湿性）来提高材料的生物相容性和生物活性的策略。 ，电荷，刚性，微粗糙度，尤其是纳米粗糙度。与其他竞争性细胞类型（如成纤维细胞）相比，后者已显示出优先刺激成骨细胞的生长，而成纤维细胞可以阻止植入后纤维组织的形成。该评价的第二个更专业的部分涉及适合骨骼接触和替代的材料，尤其是新型的基于纤维或无机颗粒增强的聚合物基复合材料，其中包含生物活性成分，例如羟基磷灰石或其他磷酸钙晶体，用于细胞粘附的合成配体受体或生长因子。此外，如果它们是可降解的，则可以逐渐用再生组织代替它们。

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